Urinary Metabolomic Study of Chlorogenic Acid in a Rat Model of Chronic Sleep Deprivation Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Table 2

Discriminating urinary metabolites of three groups.

RT (min)	Metabolite	SD versus BP		SD + CGA versus SD
		Fold change^a	t-test (P)	Fold change^a	t-test (P)
5.39	Lactate	0.42	0.02	—	—
5.62	Glycolic acid	0.55	0.00	1.68	0.01
6.01	Alanine	0.59	0.03	—	—
7.83	2-Ethylhydracrylic acid	—	—	3.21	0.00
8.87	Nicotinic acid	0.31	0.04	—	—
8.93	Phenylacetic acid	0.33	0.00	4.43	0.02
9.01	Glycine	0.58	0.01	—	—
9.19	Pyrocatechol	—	—	2.71	0.05
9.32	Methylsuccinic acid	—	—	0.57	0.01
9.56	4-Deoxyerythronic acid	0.36	0.05	—	—
9.98	Pipecolic acid	0.40	0.01	—	—
10.79	2,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid	0.58	0.05	—	—
12.14	Nicotinamide	0.44	0.00	0.48	0.05
12.25	Uracil	0.62	0.01	—	—
12.56	Asparagine	—	—	0.34	0.00
13.66	Creatinine	2.28	0.01	—	—
13.79	Threonic acid	0.53	0.01	—	—
13.95	3-Hydroxybenzoic acid	—	—	3.14	0.00
14.32	Suberic acid	0.50	0.00	—	—
17.46	D-Arabitol	—	—	0.57	0.00
17.81	Putrescine	0.38	0.00	2.00	0.04
19.33	Azelaic acid	3.45	0.05	—	—
19.81	Protocatechuic acid	1.63	0.03	—	—
19.82	Citrate	0.42	0.00	—	—
20.28	Hippurate	0.45	0.04	—	—
20.97	Fructose	—	—	0.35	0.03
21.14	m-Coumaric acid	—	—	14.21	0.00
22.24	Lysine	0.46	0.03	—	—
22.73	3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid	9.48	0.02	87.95	0.02
26.08	trans-Ferulic acid	—	—	30.35	0.01
26.30	Urate	0.42	0.00	1.69	0.03
26.82	D-Mannose	—	—	0.51	0.03
26.96	Caffeic acid	—	—	59.50	0.01
27.43	5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid	—	—	0.26	0.01
28.13	2-Hydroxyglutarate	—	—	0.43	0.05
33.58	Ascorbic acid	0.53	0.02	—	—

Note: ^afold change = SD (SD + CGA)/BP (SD); —: unable to be detected.