Electric Signals on and under the Ground Surface Induced by Seismic Waves
Figure 6
Generation model of the induced earth potential difference (EPD). (a) Model of the topsoil from the viewpoint of water saturation/unsaturation. (b) Generation of a negative EPD signal induced by streaming potential because of the upward flow of water along the tubes. (c) Generation of a positive EPD signal induced by streaming potential because of the downward flow of water along the tubes.
