Stratification of the Low-Latitude and Near-Equatorial F2 Layer, Topside Ionization Ledge, and F3 Layer: What We Know about This? A Review

Figure 6

Contours of constant electron density at 19:42 LT. Points show the height of the ledge according to one Alouette-1 satellite path (from Lockwood and Nelms [18]). The dashed line is the height of the F2 layer peak.