Aquifer Vulnerability: Its Protection and Management—A Case Study in Pangkalpinang City, Indonesia

<table class="table-group" id="tab8"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="10"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">VES no.</td><td class="align_center">Longitude</td><td class="align_center">Latitude</td><td class="align_center">Elevation</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="11.3254pt" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-5.364491pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 32.5592 11.3254" width="32.5592pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M516 277C516 378 460 448 376 448C335 448 288 434 240 401C158 345 127 277 107 159C53 -161 38 -221 23 -247L28 -261C43 -260 95 -250 114 -226C122 -216 129 -199 146 -75C152 -29 157 0 164 31C182 9 206 -12 237 -12C267 -12 325 8 376 46C451 102 516 179 516 277ZM432 259C432 134 366 40 259 40C236 40 204 48 171 76L195 203C219 327 253 400 326 400C398 400 432 336 432 259Z"></path></g><g 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284C314 205 275 166 231 165C176 165 137 221 137 299C137 376 177 418 219 418ZM241 -11C285 -11 314 -14 339 -24C367 -36 384 -61 384 -95C384 -157 335 -206 240 -206C166 -206 108 -165 108 -110C108 -82 128 -54 154 -32C172 -17 195 -11 241 -11Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.899,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">Aquifer vulnerability index (AVI)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="10"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">VES01</td><td class="align_center">106.14838</td><td class="align_center">-2.15645</td><td class="align_center">27</td><td class="align_center">843.65</td><td class="align_center">73.2199</td><td class="align_center">0.00021</td><td class="align_center">348666.1905</td><td class="align_center">5.5</td><td class="align_center">Extremely low</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">VES02</td><td class="align_center">106.1504</td><td class="align_center">-2.15022</td><td class="align_center">19</td><td class="align_center">682.11</td><td class="align_center">75</td><td class="align_center">0.00911</td><td class="align_center">8232.711306</td><td class="align_center">3.9</td><td class="align_center">Low</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">VES03</td><td class="align_center">106.1516</td><td class="align_center">-2.09369</td><td class="align_center">5</td><td class="align_center">1120</td><td class="align_center">95</td><td class="align_center">0.00911</td><td class="align_center">10428.10099</td><td class="align_center">4.0</td><td class="align_center">Low</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">VES04</td><td class="align_center">106.15449</td><td class="align_center">-2.08859</td><td class="align_center">5</td><td class="align_center">1152</td><td class="align_center">63.695</td><td class="align_center">1.00911</td><td class="align_center">63.11997701</td><td class="align_center">1.8</td><td class="align_center">High</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">VES05</td><td class="align_center">106.1099</td><td class="align_center">-2.08594</td><td class="align_center">10</td><td class="align_center">1211</td><td class="align_center">90</td><td class="align_center">1.00911</td><td class="align_center">89.18750186</td><td class="align_center">2.0</td><td class="align_center">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">VES06</td><td class="align_center">106.09727</td><td class="align_center">-2.09166</td><td class="align_center">14</td><td class="align_center">1347</td><td class="align_center">85</td><td class="align_center">0.00911</td><td class="align_center">9330.406147</td><td class="align_center">4.0</td><td class="align_center">Low</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">VES07</td><td class="align_center">106.10197</td><td class="align_center">-2.1519</td><td class="align_center">18</td><td class="align_center">1219</td><td class="align_center">80</td><td class="align_center">1.00911</td><td class="align_center">79.27777943</td><td class="align_center">1.9</td><td class="align_center">High</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">VES08</td><td class="align_center">106.09798</td><td class="align_center">-2.14466</td><td class="align_center">19</td><td class="align_center">1185</td><td class="align_center">70</td><td class="align_center">1.00911</td><td class="align_center">69.368057</td><td class="align_center">1.8</td><td class="align_center">High</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="10"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Estimated geohydraulic parameters.</div>

International Journal of Geophysics

tab8

Table 8

Table 8: Aquifer Vulnerability: Its Protection and Management—A Case Study in Pangkalpinang City, Indonesia 