Analysis of Extrahepatic Multiple Primary Malignancies in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma according to Viral Infection Status

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of HCC-only and EHPM groups.

	HCC only group (n = 344)	EHPM group (n = 68)	P value
Age (mean ± SD)	63.9 ± 10.6	69.2 ± 8.2	0.0001
Male/Female (ratio)	264/80 (3.3 : 1)	56/12 (4.7 : 1)	0.3434
Viral infection status			0.7641
HCV Ab (+)/HBs Ag (−)	221 (64.2%)	46 (67.7%)
HCV Ab (−)/HBs Ag (+)	57 (16.6%)	8 (11.8%)
HCV Ab (+)/HBs Ag (+)	7 (2.0%)	2 (2.9%)
HCV Ab (−)/HBs Ag (−)	59 (17.2%)	12 (17.7%)
NASH^†	8 (2.3%)	3 (4.4%)	0.3295
Alcohol abuse	44 (12.8%)	10 (14.7%)	0.6689
Smoking history	197 (57.3%)	36 (54.4%)	0.6640
Diabetes mellitus	84 (24.4%)	12 (17.7%)	0.2274
Liver cirrhosis^‡	174 (51.3%)	21 (31.3%)	0.0025

HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; EHPM: extrahepatic primary malignancy; SD: Standard deviation; N.S.: Not significant; HBs Ag: hepatitis B virus surface antigen; HCV Ab: hepatitis C virus antibody; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
^†Assessed by clinical data and pathological assessment of surgically resected liver specimens.
^‡Assessed by surgically resected liver specimens.