Review Article

Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumor Liver Metastases

Table 2

Summary of outcomes for ablation of neuroendocrine liver metastases.

Author, publication yearNumber of ablated patientsMedian followup, monthsSurvival dataComments

Karabulut et al., 2011 [16]69
(RFA)
22Median PFS: 10.5 months
Median OS: 73 months
No significant overall survival difference between RFA and resection

Akyildiz et al., 2010 [23]89
(RFA; 78 with NETs of GI origin, 11 medullary thyroid cancer)
30Median DFS: 15.6 months
Median OS: 72 months
Liver tumor volume (>76 cc versus <30 cc, ), symptoms (present versus absent, ), extrahepatic disease (present versus absent, )

Martin et al., 2010 [24]11
(MWA; 7 with concomitant hepatectomy; 6 with concomitant extrahepatic resection)
36Median DFS: 8 months
Median OS: 18 months
Zero recurrences at ablation site

Mazzaglia et al., 2007 [25]63
(RFA; 24 with extrahepatic disease at time of 1st ablation)
34Median OS: 47 months after 1st RFA
5-year survival: 48%
Male gender (3x mortality risk of female) ( ),
largest tumor > 3 cm ( )

Gillams and Lees, 2005 [26] 25
(RFA)
21 (in 19 patients)Median OS: 29 monthsShorter survival (23 months) in carcinoid patients

Seifert et al., 1998 [27]13
(cryoablation)
13.512 patients alive at the end of followup (up to 103 months)All 7 symptomatic patients had subjective improvement

Shapiro et al., 1998 [28]5
(cryoablation)
30 1-year survival: 60%
2-year survival: 40%
All 5 patients had relief of carcinoid syndrome