The Association between Female Genital Cutting and Spousal HCV Infection in Egypt

Table 3

Factors associated with 5182 husbands and wives testing seropositive for hepatitis C in the 2008 Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey: multivariate logistic regression model results (odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and 𝑃 values).

	Women			Men			Urban women			Urban men			Rural women			Rural men
	Odds ratio	95% CI	𝑃 value	Odds ratio	95% CI	𝑃 value	Odds ratio	95% CI	𝑃 value	Odds ratio	95% CI	𝑃 value	Odds ratio	95% CI	𝑃 value	Odds ratio	95% CI	𝑃 value
𝑁	2546			2546			953			953			1593			1593
Wife had FGC	2.0	0.7–5.1	0.166	2.1	1.1–3.9	0.026	4.0	0.5–31	0.188	3.0	1.1–7.9	0.025	0.9	0.3–2.5	0.85	1.4	0.6–3.3	0.458
Spouse is HCV RNA positive	2.1	1.6–2.9	0.000	2.2	1.6–3.1	0.000	2.4	1.3–4.4	0.005	2.5	1.2–5.1	0.015	2.0	1.4–2.8	0.000	2.2	1.5–3.2	0.000
Wealth index quintile
Poorest	Ref
Poor	1.2	0.9–1.8	0.260	0.9	0.7–1.3	0.698	1.9	0.5–7.6	0.379	0.2	0.1–0.6	0.002	1.2	0.8–1.8	0.333	1.1	0.8–1.5	0.527
Middle	1.0	0.6–1.5	0.922	1.2	0.9–1.6	0.248	0.9	0.2–3.5	0.855	0.4	0.2–0.9	0.035	1.1	0.7–1.7	0.670	1.4	1.0–1.9	0.063
Rich	0.7	0.4–1.1	0.097	0.7	0.5–0.9	0.017	0.8	0.2–3.1	0.796	0.2	0.1–0.5	0.000	0.8	0.4–1.4	0.378	0.9	0.6–1.5	0.727
Richest	0.5	0.3–0.8	0.003	0.7	0.5–1.0	0.087	0.6	0.2–2.5	0.508	0.3	0.1–0.6	0.001	0.5	0.2–1.1	0.082	1.3	0.7–2.2	0.381
Age^b	1.1	1.0-1.1	0.000	1.1	1.0-1.1	0.000	1.1	1.1-1.2	0.000	1.1	1.0-1.1	0.000	1.1	1.0-1.1	0.000	1.1	1.0-1.1	0.000
Blood transfusion	1.9	1.1–3.5	0.028	1.1	0.7–1.7	0.604	1.2	0.4–3.3	0.789	1.4	0.8–2.7	0.273	2.3	1.1–4.7	0.025	0.9	0.6–1.6	0.820
Parenteral antischistosomiasis therapy	1.7	1.1–2.8	0.016	1.3	1.0–1.7	0.025	1.9	0.6–5.8	0.254	2.3	1.4–3.8	0.002	1.7	1.1–2.9	0.028	1.1	0.9–1.5	0.412
Another household member is HCV RNA positive	0.8	0.5–1.4	0.455	1.2	0.8–1.9	0.361	1.1	0.3–4.1	0.915	1.5	0.5–4.6	0.518	0.7	0.4–1.4	0.319	1.2	0.7–1.9	0.496
Length of marriage
0–10 years	Ref
11–20 years	1.0	0.7–1.6	0.887	1.3	1.0–1.8	0.044	0.6	0.2–1.5	0.285	1.4	0.8–2.3	0.243	1.2	0.7–2.1	0.416	1.4	1.0-2.0	0.056
>20 years	1.0	0.5–1.9	0.941	1.6	1.1–2.4	0.019	0.6	0.2–1.9	0.355	1.5	0.7–3.0	0.264	1.2	0.6–2.6	0.601	1.7	1.0–2.8	0.036
Local HCV prevalence^c	1.1	1.1-1.1	0.000	1.1	1.0-1.1	0.000	1.1	1.0–1.2	0.001	1.0	1.0-1.1	0.033	1.1	1.1-1.1	0.000	1.1	1.0-1.1	0.000
Number of children^d	1.0	0.9–1.1	0.674	NA			1.0	0.8–1.3	0.695		NA		1.0	0.9-1.0	0.347	NA

NA: not applicable.
aNot entered into model due to collinearity; all nonexcised women were HCV negative (see text).
bAge is defined continuously in years.
cLocal HCV prevalence is defined as the HCV prevalence in the surrounding governorate.
dThe total number of children that women report giving birth to, here defined continuously.