Predictive Factors for a Long Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Table 5

Potential factors from the univariable analysis.

Factors	Risk ratio	95%; confidence interval	value
Preoperative factors
ASA class 3	3.00	1.92–4.67	<0.001
History of cirrhosis	2.15	1.19–3.86	0.011
History of previous acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, or pancreatitis	1.73	1.18–2.53	0.005
On long-term anticoagulation with warfarin	4.66	3.12–6.96	<0.001
Perioperative factors
Type of procedure
Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum (7 mmHg)	1.00
Standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum (14 mmHg)	1.31	0.90–1.92	0.161
Intraoperative antiemetic drug
Combination of dexamethasone and metoclopramide	1.00
Ondansetron	3.04	1.00–9.30	0.051
Metoclopramide	4.33	1.31–14.30	0.016
Intraoperative cholangiogram	2.89	1.41–5.95	0.004
Operative time > 60 min	1.67	1.13–2.47	0.011
Incidental perforation of gallbladder	1.85	1.24–2.77	0.003
Use of abdominal drain	5.89	4.85–7.16	<0.001
Postoperative factors
Postoperative nausea or vomiting	1.72	1.18–2.51	0.005
NRS pain score > 3	4.77	2.96–7.67	<0.001
Parenteral analgesia requirement > 2 doses	1.91	1.31–2.78	0.001
Oral analgesia requirement > 2 doses	5.76	3.99–8.99	<0.001
Complications	5.78	4.77–7.01	<0.001
Private ward admission	1.56	0.98–2.50	0.062