The High Prevalence of Negative Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (Anti-HBs) among Pregnant Women in Bandung, Indonesia: A Community-Based Study
Table 3
Analyses of anti-HBs-negative subjects after excluding HBsAg- and Anti-HBc-positive subjects.
Frequency
Negative anti-HBs
OR (95% CI)
Overall, (%)
175 (100)
151 (86.3)
Age distribution, (%)
13–20
9 (5.1)
7 (4.0)
1
20–24
49 (28.0)
44 (25.1)
0.398 (0.064–2.463)
0.322
25–29
51 (29.1)
45 (25.7)
0.467 (0.078–2.788)
0.403
30–34
35 (20.0)
30 (17.1)
0.583 (0.093–3.653)
0.565
>35
31 (17.7)
25 (14.3)
0.840 (0.138–5.115)
0.850
BMI distribution, (%)
<18.5
25 (14.3)
21 (12.0)
1
18.5–24.9
110 (62.9)
96 (54.9)
0.766 (0.229–2.561)
0.665
25–29.9
30 (17.1)
26 (14.9)
0.808 (0.180–3.622)
0.780
≥30
10 (5.7)
8 (4.6)
1.312 (0.200–8.624)
0.777
Maternal employment, (%)
Unemployed
128 (73.1)
114 (65.1)
1
Fulltime
24 (13.7)
19 (10.9)
2.143 (0.692–6.638)
0.186
Part time
23 (13.1)
18 (10.3)
2.262 (0.727–7.042)
0.159
Spouse employment, (%)
Unemployed
5 (2.9)
3 (1.7)
1
Fulltime
82 (46.9)
70 (40.0)
0.257 (0.039–1.704)
0.257
Part time
88 (50.3)
78 (44.6)
0.192 (0.029–1.294)
0.192
Family income (monthly), (%)
<250 USD
106 (60.6)
90 (51.4)
1
250–499 USD
54 (30.9)
48 (27.4)
0.703 (0.258–1.914)
0.491
500–999 USD
12 (6.9)
11 (6.3)
0.511 (0.062–4.239)
0.534
>1000 USD
3 (1.7)
2 (1.1)
2.813 (0.241–32.87)
0.410
Education, (%)
Preschool
1 (0.6)
1 (0.6)
N/A
Elementary school
6 (3.4)
5 (2.9)
1
Intermediate school
19 (10.9)
16 (9.1)
0.938 (0.079–11.15)
0.959
High school
90 (51.4)
77 (44.0)
0.844 (0.091–7.819)
0.881
Graduate
57 (32.6)
51 (29.1)
0.588 (0.059–5.912)
0.652
Postgraduate
2 (1.1)
1 (0.6)
5.0 (0.150–166.6)
0.368
HBV vaccine frequency history, (%)
Unknown
75 (42.9)
61 (34.9)
1
None
97 (55.4)
87 (49.7)
1.997 (0.832-4.780)
0.121
1-3
2 (1.1)
2 (1.1)
N/A
4
1 (0.6)
1 (0.6)
N/A
Insurance, (%)
BPJS
48 (27.4)
44 (25.1)
1
None
127 (72.6)
107 (61.1)
0.486 (0.157–1.505)
0.211
Mother ethnicity, (%)
Sundanese
165 (94.3)
142 (81.1)
1
Javanese
7 (4.0)
6 (3.4)
1.029 (0.118–8.944)
0.979
Batak
1 (0.6)
1 (0.6)
N/A
Malay
1 (0.6)
1 (0.6)
N/A
Others
1 (0.6)
1 (0.6)
N/A
Cumulative income rounded and converted from Indonesia Rupiah (IDR) to US Dollar (USD), BPJS = Indonesian National Insurance, OR: odds ratio; CI: confident interval; N/A: not applicable.
