Pregnancy Is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Decompensation, Transplant, or Death in Compensated Cirrhosis

Table 1

Baseline demographics of the matched cohort of women with cirrhosis stratified by pregnancy status.

	Overall	Nonpregnant	Pregnant	^ value
Age, median years (IQR)	31 (27-34)	31 (27-34)	31 (27-34)	.722
Cirrhosis etiology, (%)				>.999
NAFLD/cryptogenic	3,243 (60.0)	2,162 (60.0)	1,081 (60.0)
Viral hepatitis	1,887 (34.9)	1,258 (34.9)	629 (34.9)
ALD	189 (3.5)	126 (3.5)	63 (3.5)
Other	84 (1.6)	56 (1.6)	28 (1.6)
Income quintile, (%)				.861
1 (lowest)	1,302 (24.1)	871 (24.2)	431 (23.9)
2	1,054 (19.5)	708 (19.7)	346 (19.2)
3	1,187 (22.0)	793 (22.0)	394 (21.9)
4	1,077 (19.9)	712 (19.8)	365 (20.3)
5 (highest)	738 (13.7)	492 (13.7)	246 (13.7)
Missing	45 (0.8)	26 (0.7)	19 (1.1)
CCI, (%)				<.001
0	5,083 (94.1)	3,351 (93.0)	1,732 (96.2)
1	186 (3.4)	133 (3.7)	53 (2.9)
2	54 (1.0)	48 (1.3)	6 (0.3)
3+	80 (1.5)	70 (1.9)	10 (0.6)
Obesity, (%)	599 (11.1)	420 (11.7)	179 (9.9)	.057
History of infertility	649 (12.0)	253 (7.0)	396 (22.0)	<.001
Parity				<.001
Nulliparous	3,403 (63.0)	2,517 (69.9)	886 (49.2)
Parous	2,000 (37.0)	1,085 (30.1)	915 (50.8)
MELD score, median (IQR)	6 (6-8)	7 (6-9)	6 (6-7)	<.001
Available, (%)	1,115 (20.6)	804 (22.3)	311 (17.3)
Platelet count (E^9/L), median (IQR)	248 (205-297)	250 (203-301)	245 (207-291)	0.291
Available, (%)	3,033 (56.1)	1,885 (52.3)	1,148 (63.7)
EGD after cirrhosis diagnosis, (%)	1,509 (27.9)	1,086 (30.1)	423 (23.5)	<.001
Healthcare visit 1 year prior, (%)				<.001
Any physician	5,363 (99.3)	3,602 (100)	1,761 (97.8)
Gastroenterology	2,319 (42.9)	1,780 (49.4)	539 (29.9)
Internal medicine	1,394 (25.8)	1,099 (30.5)	295 (16.4)
Healthcare visit during study, (%)
Any physician	5,394 (99.8)	3,593 (99.8)	1,801 (100)	.034
Gastroenterology	2,240 (41.5)	1,813 (50.3)	427 (23.7)	<.001
Internal medicine	1,648 (30.5)	1,260 (35.0)	388 (21.5)	<.001
Liver-related events, (%)				<.001
Overall	338 (6.3)	319 (8.9)	19 (1.1)
Decompensation		244 (6.8)
Liver transplant		19 (0.5)
Death		56 (1.6)

Includes autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson’s disease, hereditary hemochromatosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; ^ values compare pregnant to nonpregnant women; Cells suppressed due to risk of reidentification. NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ALD: alcohol-related disease; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; IQR interquartile range; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; EGD: upper endoscopy.