Genetic Determinants of Osteoporosis: Common Bases to Cardiovascular Diseases?

Table 1

Main risk factors for osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis modifiable risks	Osteoporosis fixed risks
(i) Alchool	(i) Age
(ii) Smoking	(ii) Ethnicity
(iii) Low body mass index	(iii) Female gender
(iv) Poor nutrition	(iv) Family history of fractures
(v) Eating disorders	(v) Previous fractures
(vi) Insufficient physical activity	(vi) Menopause/hysterectomy
(vii) Low dietary calcium intake	(vii) Hormonal status
(viii) Vitamin D deficiency	(viii) Long-term glucocorticoid therapy
(ix) Frequent falls	(ix) Primary/secondary hypogonadism in men