Polymorphisms in α- and β-Adrenergic Receptor Genes, Hypertension, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The Skaraborg Sleep Study
Table 3
Genotype frequencies of adrenergic receptor genes: -adrenergic I/D, the Ser49Gly and Gly389Arg, and the Gly16Arg and Gln27Glu polymorphisms in hypertensive patients with and without mild (panel A) and severe (panel B) obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
A
Patients with mild OSA
Patients without mild OSA
-adrenergic receptor gene I/D polymorphism
Genotype
II
ID
DD
II
ID
DD
Men OSA10 ()
18 (28.6)
32 (50.8)
13 (20.6)
5 (41.7)
6 (50.0)
1 (8.3)
.50
Women OSA10 ()
20 (35.7)
27 (48.2)
9 (16.1)
9 (34.6)
11 (42.3)
6 (23.1)
.73
-
adrenergic receptor gene Ser49Gly and Gly389Arg polymorphisms
Genotype (Ser49Gly)
S/S
S/G
G/G
S/S
S/G
G/G
Men OSA10 ()
37 (59.7)
24 (38.7)
1 (1.6)
9 (75.0)
3 (25.0)
0 (0.0)
.58
Women OSA10 ()
39 (69.6)
12 (21.4)
5 (8.9)
20 (76.9)
6 (23.1)
0 (0.0)
.29
Genotype (Gly389Arg)
G/G
G/A
A/A
G/G
G/A
A/A
Men OSA10 ()
0 (0.0)
23 (37.1)
39 (62.9)
1 (8.3)
6 (50.0)
5 (41.7)
.042
Women OSA10 ()
3 (5.4)
18 (32.1)
35 (62.5)
3 (11.5)
12 (46.2)
11 (42.3)
.20
adrenergic receptor Gly16Arg and Gln27Glu
Genotype (Gly16Arg)
A/A
A/G
G/G
A/A
A/G
G/G
Men OSA10 ()
8 (12.9)
35 (56.5)
19 (30.6)
1 (8.3)
5 (41.7)
6 (50.0)
.43
Women OSA10 ()
8 (14.0)
22 (38.6)
27 (47.4)
4 (15.4)
13 (50.0)
9 (34.6)
.54
Genotype (Gln27Glu)
Gn/Gn
Gn/Gu
Gu/Gu
Gn/Gn
Gn/Gu
Gu/Gu
Men OSA10 ()
24 (38.7)
28 (45.2)
10 (16.1)
1 (8.3)
8 (66.7)
3 (25.9)
.13
Women OSA10 ()
17 (29.8)
27 (47.4)
13 (22.8)
10 (38.5)
10 (38.5)
6 (23.1)
.70
B
Patients with severe OSA
Patients without severe OSA
-adrenergic receptor gene I/D polymorphism
Genotype
II
ID
DD
II
ID
Men OSA30 ()
12 (34.3)
15 (42.9)
8 (22.9)
11 (27.5)
23 (57.5)
6 (15.0)
.43
Women OSA30 ()
8 (36.4)
12 (54.6)
2 (9.1)
21 (35.0)
26 (43.3)
13 (21.7)
.40
β 1 adrenergic receptor gene Ser49Gly and Gly389Arg polymorphisms
Genotype (Ser49Gly)
S/S
S/G
G/G
S/S
S/G
G/G
Men OSA30 ()
24 (68.6)
11 (31.4)
0 (0.0)
22 (56.4)
16 (41.0)
1 (2.6)
.41
Women OSA30 ()
15 (68.2)
5 (22.7)
2 (9.1)
44 (73.3)
13 (21.7)
3 (5.0)
.78
Genotype (Gly389Arg)
G/G
G/A
A/A
G/G
G/A
A/A
Men OSA30 ()
0 (0.0)
10 (28.6)
25 (71.4)
1 (2.6)
19 (48.7)
19 (48.7)
.11
Women OSA30 ()
2 (9.1)
7 (31.8)
13 (59.1)
4 (6.7)
23 (38.3)
33 (55.0)
.83
β 2 adrenergic receptor Gly16Arg and Gln27Glu
Genotype (Gly16Arg)
A/A
A/G
G/G
A/A
A/G
G/G
Men OSA30 ()
2 (5.7)
22 (62.9)
11 (31.4)
7 (18.0)
18 (46.2)
14 (35.9)
.19
Women OSA30 ()
4 (18.2)
8 (36.4)
10 (45.5)
8 (13.1)
27 (44.3)
26 (42.6)
.76
Genotype (Gln27Glu)
Gn/Gn
Gn/Gu
Gu/Gu
Gn/Gn
Gn/Gu
Gu/Gu
Men OSA30 ()
11 (31.4)
19 (54.3)
5 (14.3)
14 (35.9)
17 (43.6)
8 (20.5)
.62
Women OSA30 ()
6 (27.3)
10 (45.5)
6 (27.3)
21 (34.4)
27 (44.3)
13 (21.3)
.77
OSA10: subjects dichotomised by AHI < or ≥10 events/ hour; OSA30: subjects dichotomised by AHI < or ≥30 events/hour. -values are estimated with chi-2 test. A: (Arg) arginine; D: deletion; I: insertion; G: (Gly) Glycine; Gn:(Gln) Glutamine; Gu: (Glu) glutamic acid; S:(Ser) serine; HT: hypertensive; OSA: obstructive sleep apnoea.
