Review Article

Roles of Beta2- and Beta3-Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms in Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome

Table 2

Arg16Gly, 2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms: association with hypertension, metabolic syndrome (type2 diabetes: (DM)), and obesity.

AuthorsYearPopulationsSubjectsAssociations with the polymorphism

Large et al. [40]1997Swedish140 Caucasian women with a wide range of obesityObesity
The Quebec Family Study [41]2000CanadaCaucasian men and womenObesity, hyperlipidemia
Hayakawa et al. [42]2000Japanese210 Japanese men from a populationNo association with obesity
Jia et al. [43]2000USACaucasians (298 hypertensive versus 298 normotensive subjects)No association with hypertension
Xie et al. [44]2000USABlack and white Americans (including normotensive and hypertensive subjects)No associations with hypertension
Candy et al. [45]2000EnglishEngland Black African men (including 192 hypertensive and 123 normotensive men)No association with hypertension
Cockcroft et al. [46]2000Caucasian127 young normotensive menForearm vascular responses (hypertension)
Meirhaeghe et al. [47]2000French1195 middle-aged Caucasian from the urban populationObesity, if subjects carry Gln27Gln
Kato et al. [48]2001Japanese842 hypertensive and 633 normotensive subjectsBP levels (hypertension) in normotensives
Bengtsson et al. [49]2001SwedishHypertensive patients with and without type 2 DMHypertension in subjects with DM
The Bogalusa Heart Study [50]2002USA1151 Caucasian and Black Africans children (including boys and girls)Weight gain in males
Kim et al. [51]2002Koreantype 2 DM patientsObesity, DM, hyperlipidemia
Chang et al. [52]2002Taiwanesetype 2 DM patientsType 2 DM
Van Rossum et al. [53]2002Dutch286 subjects with a significant weight gain over 7 years including men and womenWeight gain in men, but not in women
The HERITAGE family study [54]2003CanadaSedentary black and white womenLower fat in obese white women
Pereira et al. [20]2003Brazilian1576 ethnically mixed population (including men and women)Systolic BP, BMI
The Olivetti heart study [55]2004Italian993 middle-aged men regardless of BP levels or BMINo association with obesity or hypertension
Ikarashi et al. [56]2004Japanesetype 2 diabetic patientsAssociation with IR
Tafel et al. [57]2004Germanyextremely obese childrenNo association with obesity
Ellsworth et al. [58]2005USABlack and white American men and womenBMI (obesity) in only men
Trombetta et al. [59]2005BrazilianBrazilian healthy womenHypertension (blunted forearm vasodilation response)
Masuo et al. [21]2005JapaneseNonobese, normotensive menWeight gain, BP elevation, obesity-HT
Masuo et al. [60]2005JapaneseNonobese, normotensive menInsulin resistance
Masuo et al. [61, 62]2006JapaneseNormotensive men (including nonobese and obese men)Weight gain, blunted leptin-sympathetic axis
Kurabayashi et al. [63]2006JapanesePCOS patientsAssociation with high prevalence of PCOS Accompanying IR
Gjesing et al. [64]2007Dutch7808 white subjectsNo association with hypertension or obesity
Masuo et al. [65]2007Japanese219 nonobese, normotensive menAssociation with high SNA followed by IR

BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; HT: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; IR: insulin resistance; PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; SNA: sympathetic nervous activity.