Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: Navigating the Evidence

Table 1

Selected factors that may cause hypertension in chronic kidney disease*.

Factor	Dominant Mechanism
Impaired sodium excretion	Expansion of ECF volume
Activation of RAS	Direct vasoconstriction; Sympathetic activation
Sympathetic activation	Direct vasoconstriction; Stimulation of renin release
Imbalance in prostaglandins or kinins	Vasoconstriction
Endothelin	Direct vasoconstriction; Renal injury
Reduced nitric oxide	Loss of vasodilator effect

*See text for detail. ECF: extracellular fluid; RAS: renin-angiotensin system.