Changes in the Perceived Epidemiology of Primary Hyperaldosteronism

Table 2

Epidemiology study on primary aldosteronism.

Author	Ref.	Clinical setting	Number of Patients	Type of study	Diagnostic Criteria	Confirmatory test for PA	Prevalence
Conn 1967	[17]	Hypothesis					10%
Fishman et al. 1969	[2]	Hospital	90 EH	Prospective	Increased aldosterone or suppressed PRA levels	No	<1%
Gordon et al. 1990	[18]	Hospital	52 EH	Prospective	ARR	Yes	12%
Gordon et al. 1994	[19]	Hospital	199 EH	Prospective	ARR	Yes	8.5–12%
Fardella et al. 2000	[20]	Hospital	305 EH	Prospective	ARR > 25	Yes	9.5%
			205 NT
Newton-Cheh et al. 2008	[14]	General pract.	3326 EH	Retrospective	Aldosterone/plasma renin > 26 ng/L mU/L	No	7.9–31.1%
Olivieri et al. 2004	[21]	General pract.	412 EH	Prospective	Aldosterone/active renin > 32 pg/mL	No	32.4%
Rossi et al. 2006	[22]	Hospital	1125 EH	Prospective	ARR > 25	Yes	11.2%
Williams et al. 2006	[23]	Hospital	347 EH	Prospective	ARR > 25	Yes	3.4%
Calhoun et al. 2002	[24]	Hospital—RH	88 EH	Prospective	PRA < 1 ng/mL/h	Yes	20%
					u.Aldosterone > 12 pg/24 h
Gallay 2001	[25]	Hospital—RH	90 EH	prospective	ARR > 100	Yes	19%
Strauch et al. 2003	[26]	Hospital—RH	402 EH	prospective	ARR > 100	Yes	19%
Di Murro et al. 2010	[27]	Hospital—OSA	325 EH	prospective	ARR > 40	Yes	33.9%
Mukherjee et al. 2010	[28]	Hospital—diabetes	100 EH	prospective	ARR > 550	Yes	13%
					Aldosterone = pmol/L
Unpierrez et al. 2007	[29]	Hospital—diabetes	100 EH	prospective	ARR > 30	Yes	14%

RH: resistant hypertension; OSA: obstructive apnea syndrome; EH: essential hypertension; NT: normotensive patients; ARR: aldosterone/plasma renin activity.