Metabolic Syndrome in Italian Obese Children and Adolescents: Stronger Association with Central Fat Depot than with Insulin Sensitivity and Birth Weight

Table 1

Clinical and metabolic characteristics of obese children and adolescents.

	Prepubertal (n.201)			Pubertal (n.238)
	MetS	No MetS	𝑃	MetS	No MetS	𝑃
Number	24	177		51	187
Male/female	10/14	92/85	.343	23/28	88/99	.804
Age (years)	9.4±1.1	9.3±1.7	.763	13.2±1.9	13.1±2.0	.835
Family history of diabetes (%)	15.0	20.5	.397	7.7	13.3	.399
Birth weight (kg)	3.1±0.7	3.3±0.7	.362	3.2±0.6	3.3±0.6	.098
Birth weight (percentile)	38.2±34.0	47.0±32.2	.117	33.5±30.7	45.0±31.8	.011
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.5±3.9	27.8±3.6	.379	32.7±5.9	31.4±4.9	.115
BMI SDS	2.3±0.3	2.3±0.3	.845	2.3±0.3	2.2±0.3	.077
Fat BMI (kg/m^2)	11.7±2.7	11.4±2.3	.531	12.2±3.5	12.3±3.1	.717
Lean BMI (kg/m^2)	15.7±1.5	15.2±1.5	.182	18.2±2.7	17.6±2.4	.613
Central obesity index	1.32±0.20	1.19±0.39	.017	1.30±0.29	1.19±0.24	.024
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	35.7±6.5	49.3±9.6	<.0001	37.0±6.8	46.0±8.9	<.0001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	141.1±45.6	78.3±38.6	<.0001	177.5±93.0	82.3±40.3	<.0001
PAs (mmHg)	107.1±12.0	106.9±9.6	.961	124.2±14.3	114.9±12.8	<.0001
PAd (mmHg)	67.9±8.4	66.9±9.7	.916	72.1±12.1	69.3±10.0	.139
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	83.3±9.4	80.1±6.3	.046	83.4±11.8	81.4±7.6	.192
2-hour glucose (mg/dL)	113.2±32.1	108.2±16.2	.671	125.7±23.3	110.5±20.4	<.0001
ISI	3.0±1.9	4.1±2.3	.010	2.5±1.9	3.6±2.5	<.0001
Insulinogenic index(C  peptide  30-0)	0.13±0.06	0.11±0.07	.094	0.27±0.98	0.13±0.14	.199
DI(C  peptide   30-0)	0.36±0.22	0.46±0.38	.204	0.33±0.31	0.41±0.28	.012

MetS, BMI, PAs, PAd, ISI, and DI denote metabolic syndrome, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, insulin sensitivity index, and disposition index, respectively.