Research Article
Long-Term Use of Aldosterone-Receptor Antagonists in Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| | Total | EH | PA | -value |
| | Number | 123 | 102 | 21 | | | Age (years) | 56.6 ± 10.7 | 56.7 ± 11.2 | 56.5 ± 8.2 | .959 | | Male (%) | 60.1 | 56.9 | 76.2 | .099 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 ± 5.0 | 29.3 ± 5.0 | 30.1 ± 5.2 | .537 | | SBP (mmHg) | 159.7 ± 19.1 | 158.4 ± 18.3 | 166.0 ± 21.7 | .094 | | DBP (mmHg) | 93.3 ± 12.2 | 92.7 ± 12.5 | 96.0 ± 10.8 | .268 | | Time since diagnosis (years) | 10.0 (0–50) | 10.0 (0–50) | 7.5 (1.0–34) | .319 | | Age at diagnosis (years) | 42.0 ± 13.0 | 41.5 ± 13.3 | 44.7 ± 11.4 | .335 | | Nr. of antihypertensives | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | .071 | | DDD | 5.0 (1.25–13.0) | 5.0 (1.25–13.0) | 3.7 (1.5–10.0) | .117 | | DM (%) | 22.8 | 23.2 | 21.1 | .842 | | LVH (%) | 28.5 | 26.5 | 38.1 | .125 | | Family history of HT | 52.0 | 53.9 | 42.9 | .355 | | Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 141.5 ± 2.7 | 141.2 ± 2.8 | 143.0 ± 2.14 | .008 | | Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | <.001 | | Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 83.8 ± 20.1 | 83.8 ± 21.1 | 84.1 ± 14.4 | .959 | | Serum uric acid (mmol/L) | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 0.37 ± 0.08 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | .134 | | Hemoglobin (mmol/L) | 8.9 ± 0.82 | 8.8 ± 0.8 | 9.5 ± 0.6 | .001 | | Hematocrit (%) | 0.42 ± 0.04 | 41.3 ± 3.6 | 45.3 ± 2.1 | .003 | | Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.31 ± 0.96 | 5.27 ± 0.97 | 5.55 ± 0.90 | .345 | | HDL (mmol/L) | 1.35 ± 0.42 | 1.37 ± 0.41 | 1.26 ± 0.44 | .347 | | LDL (mmol/L) | 3.37 ± 1.02 | 3.41 ± 1.02 | 3.16 ± 1.03 | .407 | | Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 1.8 | .943 | | ACR (g/mol) | 2.19 (0.95–12.4) | 2.19 (0.15–453.8) | 1.96 (0.37–592.0) | .518 | | PAC (pmol/L) | 282.5 (2.8–4172) | 224.4 (2.8–4172) | 548.5 (199–2282) | | | PRC (mU/L) | 13.9 (1.0–4374) | 19.8 (1.0–4374) | 5.8 (1.8–18.9) | | | ARR (pmol/mU) | 19.4 (0.3–1087) | 9.5 (0.3–781) | 82.7 (17.4–1087) | |
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(EH: essential hypertension; PA: primary aldosteronism; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DDD: defined daily dose; DM: diabetes mellitus; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; HT: hypertension; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; ACR: urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; PAC: plasma aldosterone concentration; PRC: plasma renin concentration; ARR: aldosterone-to-renin ratio).
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