Review Article

Upregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-Ouabain System in the Brain Is the Core Mechanism in the Genesis of All Types of Hypertension

Table 1

Intracranial pretreatments with one of these agents blunt pressor responses caused by centrally administered sodium, sodium-induced hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats, hypertension caused by subcutaneously injected angiotensin II, or aldosterone.

(i) AT-1 receptor blocker
(ii) Mineralocorticoid receptor blocker
(iii) Aldosterone synthase inhibitor
(iv) Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) blocker
(v) Antidigitalis blocking antibody
(vi) Anti-oxidative agent