Review Article

Upregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-Ouabain System in the Brain Is the Core Mechanism in the Genesis of All Types of Hypertension

Table 3

A list of secondary hypertension, supposedly caused by direct central actions of angiotensin II or mineralocorticoid.

Angiotensin II
 Renovascular hypertension, aortic coarctation, renin-producing tumor, and pheochromocytoma

Mineralocorticoids
 Aldosterone; primary aldosteronism, idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, renovascular hypertension, and pheochromocytoma
 Other mineralocorticoids; 17a-hydroxylase deficiency, 11b-hydroxylase deficiency, apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome, and deoxycorticosterone-producing tumor