Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Patterns and Their Implications for Intervention Strategies in Vietnam

Figure 3

Estimation of cardiovascular burden and potential benefits of intervention strategies for the adult population of Vietnam, extrapolated from the average of individual overall CVD 10-year risks in a studied population. ¹ Overall cardiovascular (CVD) risk, residual risk, absolute risk reduction (ARR), and predicted CVD events or predicted event reduction were estimated by both versions of Framingham general risk score, one used lipid profile and the other used BMI, and weighted by national age structure of the Vietnamese population in 2009. ² In assumption that the prevalence of current smoking will reduce by 50%. ³ In assumption that the effect of healthy diet (especially salt reduction) will reduce 5 mmHg of systolic blood pressure (SBP). ⁴ In assumption that the obesity (BMI ≥ 23) will reduce 10% of weight, the risk was only estimated by BMI version of Framingham general risk score. ⁵ Approach for hypertensive alone included drug therapy to control BP (targeted SPB ≤ 140 for any hypertensives and ≤130 for diabetes). ⁶ Approach for community included healthy lifestyle promotion campaigns: quitting smoking (in assumption of 50% reduction of current prevalence), healthy diet (salt reducuon, low-fat and high-fiber diet, in assumption of 5 mmHg reduction of SBP), and encouraging physical activity and 10% weight reduction for obesity (BMI ≥ 23). ⁷ Approach for high-risk people (overall CVD 10-year risk ≥20%) included quitting smoking (100%), drug therapy to control BP (targeted SBP ≤ 140 for any hypertensives and ≤130 for diabetes), statin for dyslipidaemia (in assumption of 20% reduction of total cholesterol, 10% increase HLD-C), and 10% weight reduction for obesity (BMI ≥ 23).