Serum Cotinine Levels and Prehypertension in Never Smokers

Table 3

Association between serum cotinine levels and prehypertension, by gender.

Serum cotinine quartiles	No. at risk	Cases	Age-adjusted odds ratio; (95% CI)	Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio; (95% CI)*
Men
Quartile 1 (≤0.024 ng/mL)	192	74	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (0.025–0.054 ng/mL)	228	108	1.59 (1.00, 2.54)	1.62 (1.00, 2.62)
Quartile 3 (0.055–0.223 ng/mL)	225	105	1.85 (1.06, 3.22)	1.82 (1.02, 3.23)
Quartile 4 (≥0.224 ng/mL)	273	136	1.87 (1.15, 3.04)	1.80 (1.09, 2.98)
P trend			0.0209	0.0406
Women
Quartile 1 (≤0.024 ng/mL)	296	91	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (0.025–0.054 ng/mL)	296	80	0.89 (0.58, 1.37)	0.86 (0.57, 1.29)
Quartile 3 (0.055–0.223 ng/mL)	283	80	1.23 (0.80, 1.92)	1.14 (0.71, 1.81)
Quartile 4 (≥0.224 ng/mL)	234	60	1.17 (0.75, 1.83)	1.02 (0.64, 1.63)
P trend			0.2413	0.6185

*Adjusted for age (years), ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Mexican Americans, others), education categories (<high school, high school, >high school), drinking (never drinker, former drinker, 1 or 2 drink/day, ≥3 drinks/day), BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese), glycohemoglobin (%), total cholesterol (mg/dL), below poverty level (%), and hormone use (ever, never).
P interaction of cotinine quartiles and gender = 0.0303.