Serum Cotinine Levels and Prehypertension in Never Smokers
Table 4
Association between serum cotinine levels and prehypertension by ethnicity.
Serum cotinine quartiles
No. at risk
Cases
Age-, sex-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)*
Whites
Quartile 1 (≤0.024 ng/mL)
191
67
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (0.025–0.054 ng/mL)
205
78
1.16 (0.76, 1.78)
1.17 (0.76, 1.81)
Quartile 3 (0.055–0.223 ng/mL)
195
87
1.62 (1.03, 2.54)
1.49 (0.94, 2.37)
Quartile 4 (≥0.224 ng/mL)
182
73
1.38 (0.80, 2.37)
1.31 (0.75, 2.28)
P-trend
0.1267
0.2190
Non-Whites
Quartile 1 (≤0.024 ng/mL)
297
98
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (0.025–0.054 ng/mL)
319
110
1.21 (0.82, 1.78)
1.22 (0.85, 1.75)
Quartile 3 (0.055–0.223 ng/mL)
313
98
1.15 (0.83, 1.61)
1.12 (0.79, 1.59)
Quartile 4 (≥0.224 ng/mL)
325
123
1.81 (1.27, 2.60)
1.76 (1.21, 2.56)
P trend
0.0043
0.0095
*Adjusted for age (years), sex (men, women), education categories (<high school, high school, >high school), drinking (never drinker, former drinker, 1 or 2 drink/day, ≥3 drinks/day), BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese), glycohemoglobin (%), total cholesterol (mg/dL), below poverty level (%), and hormone use (ever, never). P interaction of cotinine quartiles and Whites = 0.5509.
