Serum Cotinine Levels and Prehypertension in Never Smokers

Table 6

Association between serum cotinine levels and prehypertension among those with serum cotinine <10 ng/mL.

Serum cotinine quartiles	No. at risk	Prehypertension cases	Multivariable-adjusted; odds ratio (95% confidence interval)*
Quartile 1 (≤0.024 ng/mL)	488	165	1 (referent)
Quartile 2 (0.025–0.054 ng/mL)	524	188	1.21 (0.91, 1.60)
Quartile 3 (0.055–0.223 ng/mL)	508	185	1.38 (0.97, 1.96)
Quartile 4 (≥0.224 ng/mL)	370	140	1.49 (1.06, 2.09)
𝑃 trend			0.0208

*Adjusted for age (years), sex (men, women), ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Mexican Americans, others), education categories (<high school, high school, >high school), drinking (never drinker, former drinker, 1 or 2 drink/day, ≥3 drinks/day), BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese), glycohemoglobin (%), total cholesterol (mg/dL), below poverty level (%), and hormone use (ever, never).