Prevalence, Awareness, and Treatment of Hypertension in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Multicenter Study in Brazil
Table 2
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data for the presence of hypertension in the studied population.
Variables
Hypertension*
Yes (%)
No (%)
value
(%)
689 (19.2)
2,634 (73.4)
—
Age, years
30.5 ± 12.8
19.7 ± 10.4
<0.001
Age at diagnosis of diabetes, years
14.8 ± 9.1
11.2 ± 7.6
0.19
Gender, female (%)
318 (21.9)
1,136 (78.1)
0.19
Duration of diabetes, years
15.7 ± 9.6
8.5 ± 7.0
<0.001
Race, (%)
<0.001
Caucasian
353 (18.2)
1,585 (81.8)
Non-Caucasian
336 (24.3)
1,049 (75.7)
Economic status, (%)**
0.02
High
62 (26.6)
171 (73.4)
Medium
174 (23.2)
575 (76.8)
Low
208 (18.9)
890 (81.1)
Very low
242 (21.3)
896 (78.6)
BMI (Kg/m2)
24.0 ± 4.7
21.4 ± 3.9
<0.001
Overweight/obesity, (%)
276 (40.5)
767 (29.5)
<0.001
Fasting glycemia (mg/dL)
179.7 ± 107.1
182.5 ± 105.7
0.5
HbA1c (%)
9.3 ± 2.4
9.3 ± 2.3
0.8
HbA1c < 7%, (%)
77 (12.8)
294 (13.0)
0.7
sBP (mmHg)
128.4 ± 20.7
107.9 ± 12.7
<0.001
dBP (mmHg)
81.31 ± 3.3
69.5 ± 9.4
<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
178.5 ± 48.0
168.7 ± 39.6
<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
110.5 ± 85.4
89.0 ± 63.6
<0.001
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
53.4 ± 16.9
52.5 ± 14.0
<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
104.3 ± 39.7
99.0 ± 31.5
0.001
Current smoker, y (%)
31 (4.5)
110 (4.2)
0.9
Insulin dose (U/Kg/day)
0.83 ± 0.36
0.93 ± 0.39
<0.001
Number of clinical visits (previous year)
4.07 ± 1.7
4.10 ± 1.6
0.6
Missing cases 268 (7.5%). Missing cases 130 (3.6%). BMI: body mass index; sBP: systolic blood pressure; dBP: diastolic blood pressure; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein. Overweight/obesity were considered together. The data are presented as counts (percentage) or means ± SD; African-Brazilians, Mulattos, Asians, and Native Indians.
