Evaluation of 24-Hour Arterial Stiffness Indices and Central Hemodynamics in Healthy Normotensive Subjects versus Treated or Untreated Hypertensive Patients: A Feasibility Study
Table 2
Unadjusted (crude) and adjusted (by age, gender, body mass index, antihypertensive drug treatment, and 24-hour SBP and DBP) estimates for 24-hour BP and arterial stiffness parameters in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients.
Crude estimate
value
Adjusted estimate
value
(mean, 95% confidence interval)
(mean, 95% confidence interval)
Aortic SBP (mmHg)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
105.6 (103.9, 107.2)
0.0001
108.3 (106.5, 110.0)
0.0001
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
119.3 (118.6, 120.1)
118.7 (118.0, 119.5)
Aortic DBP (mmHg)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
72.3 (71.2, 73.4)
0.0001
71.4 (70.2, 72.6)
0.0001
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
75.6 (75.1, 76.1)
75.8 (75.3, 76.3)
RWTT (ms)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
139.0 (137.2, 140.8)
0.0001
134.5 (132.5, 136.5)
0.0001
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
126.6 (125.7, 127.4)
127.5 (126.7, 128.3)
Normalized RWTT (ms)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
150.7 (146.5, 154.8)
0.0001
142.7 (138.3, 147.2)
0.005
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
133.9 (131.9, 135.8)
135.5 (133.7, 137.4)
Aortic PWV (m/s)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
10.0 (9.9, 10.2)
0.007
10.2 (10.0, 10.4)
0.410
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
10.3 (10.2, 10.4)
10.3 (10.2, 10.4)
Normalized aortic PWV (m/s)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
9.2 (8.7, 9.6)
0.025
9.5 (9.0, 10.1)
0.617
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
9.8 (9.5, 10.0)
9.7 (9.5, 9.9)
Peripheral AI (%)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
−40.7 (−45.1, −36.4)
0.0001
−20.0 (−23.6, −16.3)
0.005
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
−9.7 (−11.7, −7.7)
−14.1 (−15.6, −12.6)
Normalized peripheral AI (%)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
−46.8 (−51.8, −41.9)
0.0001
−31.5 (−36.3, −26.6)
0.015
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
−21.3 (−23.6, −19.1)
−24.6 (−26.6, −22.6)
Aortic AI (%)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
11.0 (8.5, 13.5)
0.0001
23.4 (21.3, 25.6)
0.252
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
24.7 (23.5, 25.8)
22.0 (21.2, 22.9)
Normalized aortic AI (%)
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
8.6 (5.5, 11.6)
0.0001
19.7 (16.7, 22.7)
0.742
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
21.5 (20.1, 22.9)
19.1 (17.9, 20.3)
AASI
Healthy subjects ( = 142)
0.27 (0.24, 0.29)
0.0001
0.38 (0.35, 0.41)
0.172
Hypertensive patients ( = 661)
0.42 (0.41, 0.44)
0.40 (0.39, 0.41)
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; RWTT: reflected wave transit time; PWV: pulse wave velocity; AI: augmentation index; AASI: ambulatory arterial stiffness index. Data are shown as averages and 95% confidence intervals. The values indicate the level of the statistical significance of the difference between the two study groups.