Preeclampsia Is Associated with Increased Central Aortic Pressure, Elastic Arteries Stiffness and Wave Reflections, and Resting and Recruitable Endothelial Dysfunction
Table 2
Baseline cardiovascular characteristics of the study populations according to pregnancy status.
Healthy pregnant (HP)
Gestational hypertension (GH)
Preeclampsia (PE)
value
MV ± SD
MV ± SD
MV ± SD
Heart rate (bpm)
81.8 ± 15.9
84.8 ± 9.7
85.3 ± 14.0
0.844
Peripheral SBP (mmHg)
111.8 ± 8.2
139.4 ± 6.0a
145.5 ± 7.5a
<0.001
Peripheral DBP (mmHg)
63.5 ± 9.5
78.9 ± 11.9a
84.6 ± 8.8a
<0.001
MBP (mmHg)
79.6 ± 5.8
99.0 ± 6.3a
105.9 ± 7.3a
<0.001
Peripheral PP (mmHg)
50.7 ± 18.6
58.6 ± 11.4
58.0 ± 12.7
0.571
Central SBP (mmHg)
96.7 ± 6.7
118.9 ± 3.9a
130.3 ± 5.8a,b
<0.001
Central DBP (mmHg)
63.5 ± 9.5
80.4 ± 11.2a
85.6 ± 10.0a
<0.001
Central PP (mmHg)
33.2 ± 11.4
35.5 ± 7.1
42.8 ± 10.8
0.041
Amplification ratio
1.5 ± 0.2
1.7 ± 0.2
1.4 ± 0.2b
<0.001
AIx@75 (%)
12.2 ± 12.4
11.8 ± 7.6
24.3 ± 5.7a,b
0.018
Carotid-to-femoral PWV (m/s)
5.6 ± 0.8
7.1 ± 0.8a
8.2 ± 1.2a
<0.001
Carotid-to-radial PWV (m/s)
7.0 ± 1.6
7.1 ± 0.9
6.0 ± 1.1
0.159
Brachial SR (s−1)
117.9 ± 43.1
102.8 ± 26.7
93.4 ± 43.5
0.417
Brachial SD (mm)
3.8 ± 0.3
3.9 ± 0.4
4.3 ± 0.5
0.149
Brachial DD (mm)
3.7 ± 0.3
3.7 ± 0.4
4.1 ± 0.4
0.210
Brachial (mmHg)
1010 ± 464
1188 ± 832
1183 ± 350
0.754
Brachial
11.4 ± 5.0
11.1 ± 8.3
11.3 ± 3.4
0.953
Right CCA SD (mm)
7.1 ± 0.6
7.1 ± 0.6
7.1 ± 0.5
0.988
Right CCA DD (mm)
6.5 ± 0.6
6.5 ± 0.6
6.7 ± 0.5
0.749
Right (mmHg)
355 ± 102
434 ± 161
709 ± 185a,b
<0.001
Right CCA
4.56 ± 1.47
5.24 ± 3.07
6.95 ± 1.58
0.073
Right CIMT (mm)
0.47 ± 0.10
0.55 ± 0.08
0.66 ± 0.21a
0.036
Left CCA SD (mm)
7.1 ± 0.4
7.2 ± 0.3
7.1 ± 0.7
0.932
Left CCA DD (mm)
6.5 ± 0.4
6.6 ± 0.2
6.7 ± 0.6
0.637
Left CCA (mmHg)
376 ± 153
471 ± 182
714 ± 256a
0.005
Left CCA
4.8 ± 2.0
5.6 ± 3.1
7.0 ± 2.4
0.205
Left CIMT (mm)
0.51 ± 0.09
0.55 ± 0.08
0.59 ± 0.10
0.162
Values are expressed as mean value (MV) ± standard deviation (SD). Post hoc test with multiple comparisons: a and b indicate with respect to HP and GH, respectively. All comparisons were determined using ANOVA + Bonferroni test. HP: healthy pregnancies; GH: gestational hypertension; PE: preeclamptic pregnancies; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MBP: mean blood pressure; PP: pulse pressure; AIx@75: augmentation index adjusted to a heart rate of 75 bpm; PWV: pulse wave velocity; SR: shear rate; SD and DD: systolic and diastolic diameter, respectively; : Peterson’s elastic modulus; : stiffness index; CCA: common carotid artery; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness. Between groups.
