Growing-Related Changes in Arterial Properties of Healthy Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Nonexposed to Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Analysis of Gender-Related Differences

Table 3

Relative change (%) predicted in arterial parameters from 4 to 18 years.

	Female				Male
	Model	Predicted value at 4 years	Predicted value at 18 years	Relative change% (95% CI)	Model	Predicted value at 4 years	Predicted value at 18 years	Relative change% (95% CI)
Central arterial pressure
Aortic SBP		81	94	15.6 (10.7–20.35)		78	101	28.9 (25.0–32.7)
Aortic DBP		57	65	14.2 (7.7–20.5)		56	63	12.7 (7.1–18.2)
Aortic PP		24	28	16.4 (4.8–27.2)		22	38	72.6 (59.9–84.2)
Augmentation index 75		15	2	88 (15–197)		14	−7	153 (87–244)
Mode B ultrasound
Carotid diastolic diameter		5.14	5.74	11.7 (7.2–16.1)		5.38	6.15	14.3 (9.5–18.7)
Carotid IMT		0.395	0.451	14.2 (10.7–20.8)		0.402	0.486	20.9 (14.2–27.3)
Local arterial stiffness
Carotid β Index		1.54	1.65	7.3 (0.9–15.1)		1.50	1.87	24.2 (16.2–31.8)
Carotid elastic modulus		121	285	135.9 (116.3–152.5)		140	365	161.1 (139.8–178.5)
Femoral elastic modulus		409	972	137.9 (93.3–169.3)		306	1131	269 (241–286)
Regional arterial stiffness
Carotid-femoral PWV		3.91	5.35	36.9 (27.9–45.6)		3.81	5.87	54.0 (46.4–61.6)
βPWV Index		0.45	0.68	49.3 (32.6–66.8)		0.45	0.98	102.4 (84.8–117.7)

SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; IMT, intima-media thickness; PWV, pulse wave velocity.