An Analysis of Anthropometric Indicators and Modifiable Lifestyle Parameters Associated with Hypertensive Nephropathy
Table 3
Haemodynamic, anthropometric, serum biochemical kidney profile and estimated glomerular filtration rate of the study population stratified by hypertension status.
Parameter
Control
HPT-naïve
HPT-therapy
value
SBP (mmHg)
117.38 ± 0.96
152.00 ± 3.27
155.46 ± 1.82
<0.0001
DBP (mmHg)
73.28 ± 0.77
100.50 ± 1.34
101.46 ± 0.94
<0.0001
Pulse (BPM)
51.41 ± 0.91
76.85 ± 2.20
81.74 ± 1.77
<0.0001
MAP (mmHg)
87.98 ± 0.63
117.67 ± 1.81
119.46 ± 1.01
<0.0001
WC (cm)
69.10 ± 1.57
97.65 ± 2.80
95.69 ± 1.58
<0.0001
HC (cm)
71.82 ± 1.56
102.20 ± 3.20
101.42 ± 2.12
<0.0001
BMI (Kg/m2)
29.36 ± 0.65
29.80 ± 0.71
29.52 ± 0.39
0.9018
WHR
0.96 ± 0.01
0.97 ± 0.01
0.97 ± 0.0
0.9356
WHtR
0.45 ± 0.01
0.60 ± 0.11
0.59 ± 0.13
<0.0001
AVI
9.86 ± 0.45
19.74 ± 1.16
19.09 ± 0.66
<0.0001
Conicity index
0.929 ± 0.11
1.28 ± 0.04
1.25 ± 0.02
<0.0001
BAI
19.49 ± 0.90
31.14 ± 1.60
31.40 ± 1.17
<0.0001
Potassium (mmol/L)
3.20 ± 1.03
3.76 ± 1.05
3.82 ± 1.03
0.0001
Sodium (mmol/L)
134.89 ± 1.35
139.43 ± 3.20
146.86 ± 2.39
<0.0001
Chloride (mmol/L)
94.89 ± 1.35
106.13 ± 1.12
112.73 ± 1.03
<0.0001
Urea (mmol/L)
3.71 ± 0.09
5.66 ± 0.31
5.77 ± 0.14
<0.0001
Creatinine (µmol/L)
69.08 ± 1.48
86.81 ± 4.29
91.71 ± 2.38
<0.0001
Uric acid (µmol/L)
125.68 ± 1.02
157.19 ± 1.07
176.66 ± 1.05
<0.0001
Microalbuminuria (mg)
4.52 ± 1.14
5.60 ± 1.21
7.38 ± 1.12
0.0336
4v-MDRD (mL/min/1.73 m2)
127.63 ± 1.03
101.78 ± 1.13
87.05 ± 1.06
0.0002
CG (mL/min/1.73 m2)
130.24 ± 1.03
103.26 ± 1.12
82.61 ± 1.05
<0.0001
CKD-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m2)
131.23 ± 1.03
90.33 ± 1.06
81.49 ± 1.05
<0.0001
Data is presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. HPT-naïve: newly diagnosed hypertensive not on antihypertensive drugs, HPT-therapy: hypertensives on antihypertensives, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, MAP: mean arterial pressure, WC: waist circumference, HC: hip circumference, BMI: body mass index, WHR: waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR: waist-to-height ratio, AVI: abdominal volume index, BAI: body adiposity index, 4v-MDRD: four-variable modification of diet in renal disease, CG: Cockcroft-Gault, CKD-EPI: chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration. Bonferroni post hoc: no statistically significant difference compared with control.
