The Effects of Socioeconomic Determinants on Hypertension in a Cardiometabolic At-Risk European Country

Table 4

Demonstrates the crude and adjusted sociodemographic independent variables for the development of hypertension.

Sociodemographic factors	Crude analysis			Adjusted analysis
	OR	CI	value	OR	CI	value
Male	1.521	1.332–1.737	0.0001	1.83	1.544–2.168	0.0001
Female	Reference			Reference
High educational level	0.218	0.181–0.264	0.0001	0.935	0.731–1.195	0.592
Medium educational level	0.369	0.307–0.445	0.0001	0.923	0.741–1.149	0.471
Low educational level	Reference			Reference
No-alcohol use	1.247	1.093–1.423	0.001	1.018	0.866–1.197	0.827
Alcohol use	Reference			Reference
Nonsmoking	1.285	1.097–1.505	0.002	0.981	0.815–1.181	0.839
Smoking	Reference			Reference
Vigorous activity	1.433	1.065–1.929	0.018	1.492	1.057–2.104	0.023
Moderate activity	1.41	1.111–1.789	0.005	1.341	1.023–1.758	0.034
Walk	1.264	0.965–1.655	0.09	1.143	0.842–1.553	0.391
No activity	Reference			Reference
Gozo	1.727	1.329–2.245	0.0001	1.771	1.303–2.408	0.0001
Northern	1.032	0.817–1.304	0.794	1.124	0.857–1.474	0.399
Western	1.424	1.125–1.802	0.003	1.473	1.121–1.937	0.005
Southeastern	1.541	1.229–1.9332	0.0001	1.674	1.287–2.178	0.0001
Northern Harbour	1.241	1.02–1.51	0.031	1.204	0.961–1.509	0.107
Southern Harbour	Reference			Reference
Not in employment	2.421	2.114–2.772	0.0001	1.181	0.974–1.432	0.091
Employed	Reference			Reference
BMI	1.127	1.113–1.141	0.0001	1.104	1.088–1.210	0.0001
Age	1.07	1.07–1.08	0.0001	1.066	1.058–1.073	0.0001

Reference category.