Blood Pressure in relation to 24-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in a Uruguayan Population Sample
Table 4
Characteristics of participants (n=110) by cluster.
Variable
Cluster 1
Cluster 2
Cluster 3
P value
N=34
N=34
N=42
(Chi2 or ANOVA)
Number (%) with characteristic
Female
21 (61.8)
16 (47.1)
29 (69.0)
0.15
Current smoking
7 (6.4)
6 (5.5)
12 (10.9)
0.31
Drinking alcohol
14 (12.7)
13 (11.8)
16 (14.5)
0.95
Hypertension
9 (8.2)
5 (4.5)
1 (0.9)
0.0095
Diabetes mellitus
3 (2.7)
1 (0.9)
0 (0)
0.11
Mean (SD) characteristic
Age (y)
62.7±12.4
43.5±12.3
41.7±15.1
<.0001
Height (cm)
162.1±9.9
167.6±8.6
164.8±12.6
0.11
Weight (kg)
69.6±14.1
83.6±11.1
68.0±13.3
<.0001
Body mass index (kg/m2)
26.5±4.5
29.8±3.6
25.1±5.1
<.0001
Waist-to-hip ratio
0.90±0.069
0.92±0.072
0.85±0.082
0.0002
Office blood pressure
Systolic pressure (mm Hg)
132.7±11.1
124.1±10.8
107.9±9.1
<.0001
Diastolic pressure (mm Hg)
81.8±8.0
82.2±9.9
72.0±7.2
<.0001
Heart rate (beats per minute)
68.9±12.0
71.2±7.0
73.9±9.0
0.11
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
94.7±17.3
95.3±12.5
85.9±7.0
0.0023
Serum cholesterol (mg/dL)
218.7±45.2
213.8±34.3
201.5±39.3
0.16
Triglyceride to HDLc ratio
2.80±1.67
3.94±3.14
2.02±1.28
0.0009
UNa (mmol/day)
135.2±33.5
227.6±32.8
119.2±33.6
<.0001
UK (mmol/day)
53.1±16.2
71.4±21.1
44.6±12.6
<.0001
Sodium to potassium ratio
2.77±1.22
3.48±1.27
2.88±1.13
0.033
Urinary creatinine excretion (g/day)
1.25±0.36
1.79±0.57
1.26±0.40
<.0001
Urinary urea excretion (g/day)
19.0±7.5
30.7±8.7
19.1±5.7
<.0001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
87.7±13.6
105.0±16.6
103.2±18.6
<.0001
Hypertension was a blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic, or use of antihypertensive drugs. Diabetes mellitus was a self-reported diagnosis, a fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL or higher, or use of antidiabetic drugs. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was derived from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. P<0.05 value for difference between clusters 1 and 3.
