Selective Blood Pressure Screening in the Young: Quantification of Population Wide Underestimation of Elevated Blood Pressure
Table 2
Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of selective screening scenarios for detecting hypertensive blood pressure.
Selective screening based on
Sensitivity (95% CI)
Specificity (95% CI)
Positive predictive value (95% CI)
Negative predictive value (95% CI)
Boys 3-17 years
overweight
40.2
(36.2-44.4)
82.8
(81.5-84.0)
22.8
(20.2-25.6)
91.7
(90.7-92.5)
obesity
17.8
(14.4-21.9)
95.9
(95.3-96.5)
35.6
(29.8-41.9)
90.3
(89.2-91.2)
parental hypertension
28.6
(24.4-33.1)
71.0
(69.3-72.7)
11.2
(9.4-13.2)
88.6
(87.1-90.0)
overweight or parental hypertension
58.6
(53.9-63.1)
59.0
(57.2-60.7)
15.4
(13.6-17.4)
91.8
(90.5-92.9)
obesity or parental hypertension
42.0
(37.1-47.1)
68.4
(66.6-70.2)
14.5
(12.5-16.8)
90.3
(88.8-91.5)
Girls 3-17 years
overweight
36.7
(32.2-41.4)
81.6
(80.4-82.8)
17.9
(15.5-20.6)
92.2
(91.1-93.1)
obesity or parental hypertension
16.4
(13.2-20.2)
95.5
(94.9-96.1)
28.6
(23.4-34.5)
91.3
(90.2-92.2)
parental hypertension
32.3
(27.9-37.1)
72.4
(70.8-73.9)
11.5
(9.5-13.7)
90.6
(89.1-91.9)
overweight or parental hypertension
57.6
(51.9-63.1)
59.6
(57.9-61.2)
13.6
(11.7-15.7)
92.7
(91.2-94.0)
obesity or parental hypertension
43.3
(37.8-49.0)
69.2
(67.5-70.8)
13.5
(11.3-16.0)
91.7
(90.2-92.9)
Men 18-39 years
overweight
69.4
(59.4-77.9)
55.0
(51.0-59.0)
14.4
(11.0-18.7)
94.3
(91.5-96.2)
obesity
39.4
(28.4-51.6)
88.1
(85.0-90.6)
26.6
(18.0-37.5)
93.0
(90.5-94.9)
parental hypertension
42.8
(30.7-55.9)
57.7
(52.8-62.4)
11.2
(7.8-15.8)
89.0
(84.1-92.5)
overweight or parental hypertension
82.5
(72.0-89.7)
35.1
(30.5-40.0)
13.7
(10.4-17.9)
94.2
(89.5-96.8)
obesity or parental hypertension
65.4
(50.7-77.6)
51.5
(46.7-56.3)
14.4
(10.6-19.3)
92.3
(87.3-95.4)
Women 18-39 years
overweight
73.6
(50.7-88.3)
67.9
(64.5-71.1)
6.4
(3.9-10.3)
98.9
(97.3-99.5)
obesity
55.7
(36.4-73.4)
88.3
(85.7-90.5)
12.4
(7.0-20.9)
98.5
(97.3-99.2)
parental hypertension
70.7
(42.8-88.6)
52.6
(48.6-56.6)
4.1
(2.3-7.1)
98.4
(95.8-99.4)
overweight or parental hypertension
94.9
(80.6-98.8)
37.5
(33.7-41.6)
4.2
(2.5-6.9)
99.6
(98.5-99.9)
obesity or parental hypertension
94.9
(80.6-98.8)
47.6
(43.4-51.8)
4.9
(2.9-8.1)
99.7
(98.8-99.9)
Overweight and obesity according to International Obesity Task Force cut points corresponding to an adult BMI of 25 (overweight) or 30 (obesity). Hypertensive blood pressure: age 3-17 years: SBP or DBP ≥95th KiGGS percentile or ≥140/90 mm Hg; age 18-39 years ≥140/90 mm Hg.
