Hypertension in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Northeast Ethiopia
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants by sex.
Characteristics
Overall (N = 408)
Men (N = 135)
Women (N = 273)
value
Mean age (SD)
37 (10.3)
39 (11.5)
36 (9.5)
0.002
Age group in years, n (%)
18–34
169 (41.4)
43 (31.9)
126 (46.2)
0.001
35–45
161 (39.5)
51 (37.8)
110 (40.2)
>45
78 (19.1)
41 (30.4)
37 (13.6)
Residence, n (%)
Rural
88 (21.6)
38 (28.1)
50 (18.3)
0.023
Urban
320 (78.4)
97 (71.9)
223 (69.7)
Education, n (%)
<High school
240 (58.8)
67 (49.6)
173 (63.4)
0.008
≥High school
168 (41.2)
68 (50.4)
100 (36.6)
Duration of HIV infection, n (%)
≤5 years
144 (35.3)
41 (30.4)
103 (37.7)
0.143
>5 years
264 (64.7)
94 (69.6)
170 (62.3)
Duration on ART, n (%)
≤5 years
227 (55.6)
67 (49.6)
160 (58.6)
0.086
>5 years
181 (44.4)
68 (50.4)
113 (41.4)
ART regimen
AZT + 3TC + EFV
66 (16.2)
36 (26.7)
30 (11.0)
0.001
TDF + 3TC + NVP
71 (17.4)
9 (6.7)
62 (22.7)
AZT + 3TC + NVP
84 (20.6)
16 (11.9)
68 (24.9)
TDF + 3TC + EFV
76 (18.6)
28 (20.7)
48 (17.6)
Other
111 (27.2)
46 (31.4)
65 (23.8)
Current smoking, n (%)
16 (3.9)
11 (8.1)
5 (1.8)
0.002
Alcohol use, n (%)
62 (15.2)
45 (33.3)
17 (6.2)
0.001
Family history of hypertension, n (%)
Yes
56 (13.7)
25 (18.5)
31 (11.4)
0.048
No
352 (86.3)
110 (81.5)
242 (88.6)
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD)
20.4 (2.1)
20.2 (2.3)
20.5 (2.0)
0.233
Body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, n (%)
13 (3.2)
4 (3.0)
9 (3.3)
0.857
WHO clinical stage I/II, n (%)
329 (80.6)
120 (88.9)
209 (76.6)
0.003
CD4 count (cells/mm3), mean (SD)
343.1 (311.6)
340.7 (326.6)
344.3 (304.5)
0.912
Blood pressure (BP) (mmHg), mean (SD)
Systolic BP
127.2 (12.8)
128.1 (13.5)
126.8 (12.5)
0.336
Diastolic BP
82.0 (6.0)
82.2 (5.0)
81.9 (6.4)
0.682
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl), mean (SD)
105.7 (39.0)
113.1 (49.7)
102.1 (31.9)
0.007
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)
36 (8.8)
18 (13.3)
18 (6.6)
0.021
GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD)
116.0 (43.8)
132.2 (46.7)
108.3 (40.0)
0.001
WHO clinical stage I/II: I (asymptomatic or persistent generalized lymphadenopathy) or II (symptomatic, not categories I or II); current smoking: smoke at least one cigarette for the last 12 months; alcohol use: consume at least twice weekly of any alcoholic drinks. CD4: cluster of differentiation, GFR: glomerular filtration rate, SD: standard deviation.
