Factors Associated with Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure Measured as Part of Routine Clinical Care among Patients Attending Cardiology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern Sri Lanka
Table 4
Characteristics of participants based on the level of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of systolic blood pressure (SBP).
Characteristics
VVV
value
Low variability (188)
High variability (218)
Sex
Male
125
129
0.129
Female
63
89
Income
Poorest
118
140
0.674
Middle Income
64
74
Rich
6
4
Age
40–49
5
8
0.656
50–64
153
181
65 and above
30
29
Education
No education
2
4
0.733
Primary
26
37
Secondary
151
168
Tertiary
9
9
Alcohol
Current drinkers
6
5
0.635
Smoking
Current smokers
6
2
0.256
Physical activity
Insufficiently active
42
66
0.044
Moderately active
34
49
HEPA active
112
103
Medication adherence
Low adherence
40
52
0.536
Medium adherence
148
166
Years from diagnosis
Less than 5 years
81
97
0.775
≥5 years
107
121
BMI
Underweight
7
2
0.270
Normal weight
92
114
Over weight
63
70
Obesity
26
32
Comorbidities
DM
76
117
0.008
CKD
2
15
0.004
Medication
Beta blockers
88
111
0.409
Bivariate analysis by using the Chi-squared test revealed DM (), CKD (), and physical activity () were significantly associated with high variability.
