| | Variables | Total | Urban vs rural | | Urban (n = 5995) | Rural (n = 7602) | |
| | Anthropometric measures | | Gender, male (n (%)) | 7060 (51.92%) | 3098 (51.68%) | 3962 (52.12%) | 0.609 | | Age, y | 9.24 ± 1.76 | 9.05 ± 1.76 | 9.39 ± 1.74 | <0.001 | | BMI, kg/m2 | 17.35 ± 3.05 | 17.53 ± 3.02 | 17.22 ± 3.07 | <0.001 | | Height, cm | 134.51 ± 11.5 | 134.66 ± 11.44 | 134.39 ± 11.56 | 0.182 | | Weight, kg | 32.01 ± 9.49 | 32.40 ± 9.53 | 31.7 ± 9.45 | <0.001 | | Waist circumference, cm | 58.12 ± 8.49 | 59.17 ± 8.73 | 57.3 ± 8.21 | <0.001 | | Heart rate, n/min | 95.28 ± 12.72 | 94.95 ± 12.71 | 95.54 ± 12.72 | 0.007 | | Serum biochemical index | | FBG, mmol/L | 4.14 ± 0.62 | 3.94 ± 0.50 | 4.90 ± 0.46 | <0.001 | | TC, mmol/L | 3.49 ± 0.66 | 3.34 ± 0.57 | 4.10 ± 0.63 | <0.001 | | TG, mmol/L | 0.97 ± 0.58 | 0.96 ± 0.58 | 1.03 ± 0.57 | <0.001 | | HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.22 ± 0.27 | 1.19 ± 0.26 | 1.35 ± 0.28 | <0.001 | | LDL-C, mmol/L | 1.72 ± 0.54 | 1.56 ± 0.39 | 2.35 ± 0.60 | <0.001 | | Blood cell composition measures | | WBC, n × 10∧9/L | 7.12 ± 1.79 | 7.12 ± 1.77 | 7.16 ± 1.85 | 0.480 | | RBC, n × 10∧12/L | 4.59 ± 0.39 | 4.52 ± 0.35 | 4.90 ± 0.40 | <0.001 | | HGB, g/L | 126.42 ± 9.98 | 124.31 ± 8.56 | 134.73 ± 10.82 | <0.001 | | HCT, % | 37.66 ± 3.11 | 36.74 ± 2.43 | 41.29 ± 2.78 | <0.001 | | MCV, fL | 81.91 ± 6.44 | 81.37 ± 5.98 | 84.01 ± 7.66 | <0.001 | | MCH, pg | 27.65 ± 1.95 | 27.64 ± 1.94 | 27.69 ± 1.96 | 0.390 | | MCHC, g/L | 336.58 ± 14.98 | 338.99 ± 15.08 | 327.11 ± 10.06 | <0.001 | | PLT, n × 10∧9/L | 287.48 ± 67.49 | 288.53 ± 67.42 | 283.35 ± 67.63 | 0.020 | | WSCR, % | 36.11 ± 8.25 | 35.59 ± 8.03 | 38.15 ± 8.80 | <0.001 | | WMCR, % | 7.05 ± 2.75 | 7.41 ± 2.87 | 5.64 ± 1.60 | <0.001 | | WSCC, n × 10∧9/L | 2.52 ± 0.66 | 2.47 ± 0.63 | 2.70 ± 0.73 | <0.001 | | WMCC, n × 10∧9/L | 0.51 ± 0.34 | 0.53 ± 0.28 | 0.44 ± 0.48 | <0.001 | | WLCC, n × 10∧9/L | 4.08 ± 1.49 | 4.12 ± 1.48 | 3.90 ± 1.50 | <0.001 | | RDWSD, % | 34.59 ± 4.82 | 33.40 ± 4.23 | 39.27 ± 4.09 | <0.001 | | PDW, fL | 13.47 ± 2.37 | 13.48 ± 2.32 | 13.39 ± 2.57 | 0.207 | | MPV, fL | 10.68 ± 1.30 | 10.57 ± 1.32 | 11.11 ± 1.15 | <0.001 | | P-LCR, % | 32.67 ± 8.65 | 32.66 ± 8.86 | 32.69 ± 7.76 | 0.910 | | Socioeconomic index | | Father’s education level, y | | ∼9 | 6856 (51.75%) | 2190 (37.80%) | 4666 (62.58%) | <0.001 | | ∼12 | 4915 (37.10%) | 2787 (48.11%) | 2128 (28.54%) | | | ∼15 | 1390 (10.49%) | 755 (13.03%) | 635 (8.52%) | | | >15 | 88 (0.66%) | 61 (1.05%) | 27 (0.36%) | | | Father’s occupation | | Manager | 933 (7.02%) | 389 (6.70%) | 544 (7.26%) | <0.001 | | Worker | 4016 (30.21%) | 1733 (29.84%) | 2283 (30.49%) | | | Technicist/researcher | 571 (4.29%) | 380 (6.54%) | 191 (2.55%) | | | Farmer | 4593 (34.55%) | 1686 (29.03%) | 2907 (38.82%) | | | Others | 3182 (23.93%) | 1619 (27.88%) | 1563 (20.87%) | | | Mother’s occupation | | Manager | 605 (4.55%) | 241 (4.12%) | 364 (4.88%) | <0.001 | | Worker | 3538 (26.58%) | 1666 (28.45%) | 1872 (25.11%) | | | Technicist/researcher | 239 (1.80%) | 132 (2.25%) | 107 (1.44%) | | | Farmer | 4179 (31.40%) | 2111 (36.05%) | 2068 (27.74%) | | | Others | 4750 (35.68%) | 1705 (29.12%) | 3045 (40.84%) | | | Income, RMB | | ∼500 | 738 (6.25%) | 92 (2.05%) | 646 (8.83%) | <0.001 | | ∼1000 | 1395 (11.82%) | 235 (5.23%) | 1160 (15.86%) | | | ∼2000 | 2327 (19.72%) | 627 (13.96%) | 1700 (23.25%) | | | ∼3000 | 2750 (23.30%) | 1051 (23.41%) | 1699 (23.24%) | | | >3000 | 4592 (38.91%) | 2485 (55.35%) | 2107 (28.82%) | | | Living with grandparents | | No | 10060 (84.76%) | 3992 (88.42%) | 6068 (82.51%) | <0.001 | | Yes | 1809 (15.24%) | 523 (11.58%) | 1286 (17.49%) | | | People live with child | | 1 | 583 (4.98%) | 154 (3.43%) | 429 (5.94%) | <0.001 | | 2∼3 | 6114 (52.22%) | 2595 (57.81%) | 3519 (48.74%) | | | 4 | 5012 (42.80%) | 1740 (38.76%) | 3272 (45.32%) | | | Medical insurance | | No | 1790 (15.14%) | 383 (8.50%) | 1407 (19.24%) | <0.001 | | Yes | 10030 (84.86%) | 4124 (91.50%) | 5906 (80.76%) | | | Perinatal measures | | Gestational hypertension | | No | 11299 (98.47%) | 4366 (98.76%) | 6933 (98.30%) | 0.052 | | Yes | 175 (1.53%) | 55 (1.24%) | 120 (1.70%) | | | Birth weight, g | | ∼3000 | 3181 (26.86%) | 1133 (25.16%) | 2048 (27.91%) | <0.001 | | ∼3600 | 5051 (42.65%) | 2058 (45.70%) | 2993 (40.78%) | | | >3600 | 3610 (30.48%) | 1312 (29.14%) | 2298 (31.31%) | | | Breastfeeding, month | | 0∼3 | 2845 (24.40%) | 1420 (31.77%) | 1425 (19.81%) | <0.001 | | 4∼10 | 5555 (47.64%) | 2223 (49.74%) | 3332 (46.33%) | | | >10 | 3261 (27.97%) | 826 (18.48%) | 2435 (33.86%) | | | Father with obesity | | No | 9839 (83.89%) | 3703 (82.79%) | 6136 (84.56%) | 0.011 | | Yes | 1890 (16.11%) | 770 (17.21%) | 1120 (15.44%) | | | Mother with obesity | | No | 10505 (89.57%) | 4017 (89.73%) | 6488 (89.48%) | 0.670 | | Yes | 1223 (10.43%) | 460 (10.27%) | 763 (10.52%) | | | Physical activity | | Weekday, min/day | | ∼10 | 6321 (53.41%) | 2246 (49.87%) | 4075 (55.59%) | <0.001 | | >10 | 5514 (46.59%) | 2258 (50.13%) | 3256 (44.41%) | | | Weekend, min/day | | ∼55 | 7782 (65.77%) | 2795 (62.11%) | 4987 (68.01%) | <0.001 | | >55 | 4051 (34.23%) | 1705 (37.89%) | 2346 (31.99%) | | | Total, min/week | | ∼150 | 6210 (52.59%) | 2170 (48.32%) | 4040 (55.21%) | <0.001 | | >150 | 5599 (47.41%) | 2321 (51.68%) | 3278 (44.79%) | |
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BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; HGB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT, platelet; WSCR, WBC small cell ratio; WMCR, WBC middle cell ratio or mixed cell percent; WSCC, WBC small cell count or lymphocyte count; WMCC, WBC middle cell count or mixed cell count; WLCC, WBC large cell count or neutrophil count; RDWSD, red blood cell distribution width; PDW, platelet distribution width; MPV, mean platelet volume; P-LCR, platelet-large cell ratio.
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