The Effect of Exercise on the Older Adult’s Blood Pressure Suffering Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Clinical Trial Studies

Table 1

Specifications of studies entered into the meta-analysis.

Author, year, and reference	Place of study	Sample size	Mean ± SD of before SBP	Mean ± SD of after SBP	Mean ± SD of before DBP	Mean ± SD of after DBP	Quality
Haidari, 2014, [17]	Iran	46	149.8 ± 4.63	144.9 ± 5.21	94.03 ± 3.66	85.9 ± 6.38	High
Amooali, 2015, [18]	Iran	20	132.8 ± 13.66	121.9 ± 9.17	77.6 ± 7.89	74.9 ± 3.66	High
Hosseiny, 2007, [8]	Iran	36	150.04 ± 12	149.5 ± 11	88.6 ± 6	84.6 ± 5	High
Tabara, 2007, [12]	Japan	40	136 ± 19	129 ± 17	75 ± 11	70 ± 10	High
Noroalahi, 2019, [19]	Iran	18	140.33 ± 18.1	125.33 ± 15.1	83.94 ± 13.26	75.94 ± 11.33	High
Faramarzi, 2012, [20]	Iran	20	131.13 ± 18.5	123.63 ± 11.1	86.48 ± 3.5	81.61 ± 1.8	High
Behjati Ardakani, 2018, [21]	Iran	24	131.1 ± 18	123.5 ± 11.1	86.4 ± 3.45	81.6 ± 1.8	High
Ghasemian, 2013, [22]	Iran	20	131.3 ± 10.5	121.63 ± 11	86.88 ± 3.5	80.1 ± 0.8	High
Kawasaki, 2011, [23]	Japan	35	136.6 ± 3.2	127 ± 2.7	81 ± 1.6	77.5 ± 1.3	Medium
Yin, 1998, [24]	Japan	25	137.0 ± 10	135 ± 14	80 ± 7	78 ± 8	Medium
Wong, 2019, [25]	Korea	52	146 ± 8.1	135 ± 1	88 ± 1	79 ± 1	High
Ruangthai, 2019, [26]	Thailand	13	141 ± 15.9	128.3 ± 15.4	84.1 ± 10	76.6 ± 7.5	High
Hamdorf, 1999, [27]	Australia	—	144.6 ± 4.9	139.8 ± 4.2	72.6 ± 2.2	74 ± 1.8	Medium
Lee, 2007, [28]	Taiwan	102	152 ± 10.5	136.2 ± 16.7	83.5 ± 11.2	76.7 ± 12.3	High
Lim, 2015, [29]	Korea	10	129.4 ± 12.7	124.5 ± 9.2	80.8 ± 6.7	78.1 ± 6.7	High
Miura, 2015, [30]	Japan	45	150 ± 9.1	145 ± 8.9	83.5 ± 5.9	80.2 ± 6.2	High
Ohkubo, 2001, [31]	Japan	121	134.2 ± 2.4	127.6 ± 2.3	79.1 ± 1.3	76.9 ± 1.3	High
Okumiya, 1996, [32]	Japan	21	136.4 ± 22.6	140.9 ± 22.8	78.1 ± 11.8	73.6 ± 11.2	High
Patil, 2015, [33]	India	30	146.87 ± 5.72	154.83 ± 6.33	74.2 ± 4.6	75.57 ± 5.68	High
Sunami, 1999, [34]	Japan	20	142 ± 22	140 ± 19	83 ± 11	81 ± 11	Medium
Thomas, 2005, [35]	Hong Kong	64	142 ± 17	142 ± 23	72 ± 13	72 ± 14	Medium
Pitsavos, 2011, [36]	Greece	52	131.5 ± 13.48	119.45 ± 6.87	83 ± 4.97	76.55 ± 4.88	High
Deiseroth, 2019, [37]	Switzerland	25	132 ± 15	128 ± 16	88 ± 10	78 ± 8	High
del Pozo-Cruz, 2012, [38]	España	21	140.55 ± 12.9	133.3 ± 20.26	86.1 ± 8.16	77.65 ± 6.64	High
Di Mauro, 1998, [39]	Italy	35	156.1 ± 15.3	154.4 ± 13.6	97 ± 7.7	94.7 ± 6.5	Medium
Leibovitz, 2005, [40]	Israel	25	131 ± 3	130 ± 2	73 ± 1	74 ± 1	High
Broman, 2006, [41]	Sweden	15	138 ± 9	138 ± 14	79 ± 8	75 ± 7	High
Chomiuk, 2013, [42]	Poland	44	134.61 ± 13.1	129.67 ± 11.7	75.67 ± 8.46	73.22 ± 8.04	High
Dimeo, 2012, [43]	Germany	24	138.4 ± 14.1	132.5 ± 10.8	78.3 ± 10.2	75 ± 9.8	High
Faulkner, 2013, [44]	New Zealand	36	141 ± 16	136 ± 16	82 ± 9	80 ± 9	Medium
Finucane, 2010, [45]	UK	50	138.8 ± 15	135.8 ± 12.5	76.8 ± 8.6	75.2 ± 9.1	High
Kallinen, 2002, [46]	Finland	12	174 ± 15	164 ± 16	83 ± 3	80 ± 2	Medium
Niederseer, 2011, [47]	Austria	22	123.1 ± 11.9	122.6 ± 13.4	82.4 ± 11.2	78.1 ± 9.5	High
Puggaard, 2000, [48]	Denmark	22	153 ± 37	161 ± 31	77 ± 16	84 ± 22	High
Sousa, 2013, [49]	Portugal	16	149.4 ± 25.1	148.5 ± 15.1	80.4 ± 7.6	82.8 ± 9.6	High
Westhoff, 2008, [13]	Germany	12	134 ± 20	127 ± 16.4	73 ± 21.6	67.1 ± 8.2	High
Peters, 2006, [50]	USA	10	146 ± 11	133 ± 14	90 ± 7	88 ± 11	High
Ditor, 2005, [51]	Canada	8	117 ± 20.3	114.8 ± 15	73.3 ± 10.6	71.8 ± 9.4	High
Cunha, 2011, [52]	Brazil	30	134.41 ± 17.5	126.81 ± 16.1	81.65 ± 10.57	76.35 ± 10.28	High
Cunha, 2012, [53]	Brazil	16	135.46 ± 7.42	126.93 ± 11.5	76.09 ± 6.49	72.84 ± 5.08	High
de Freitas Brito, 2014, [54]	Brazil	10	147 ± 4	146 ± 3	93 ± 4	91 ± 3	Medium
Júnior, 2019, [55]	Brazil	10	162.5 ± 11.2	160 ± 9.1	90 ± 5.9	80 ± 7.6	High
Lowenthal, 2004, [56]	USA	25	128 ± 3	126 ± 4	86 ± 4	78 ± 3	High
Moreira, 2016, [57]	Brazil	23	125.2 ± 9.3	114.7 ± 5.3	72 ± 6.8	71 ± 5.7	High
Mota, 2013, [58]	Brazil	32	134.5 ± 14.6	122.4 ± 13.8	80.9 ± 11.1	73.2 ± 9.5	High
Santana, 2011, [59]	Brazil	10	129 ± 17	125 ± 14	77.0 ± 8	77 ± 7	High
Scher, 2010, [60]	Brazil	16	130 ± 15	128 ± 10	80 ± 8	76 ± 8	High
Toth, 2006, [5]	USA	50	148.3 ± 22.8	140.5 ± 27.2	—	—	Medium
Chan, 2018, [61]	USA	82	142.39 ± 17.3	138.15 ± 17.3	81.83 ± 11.65	79.74 ± 10.51	High
Costa, 2019, [62]	Brazil	23	121.5 ± 11.2	119.2 ± 6.9	71.1 ± 8.4	70 ± 7.8	High
Nascimento, 2019, [63]	Brazil	27	126.04 ± 11.04	118.08 ± 9.09	72.95 ± 6.47	69.02 ± 6.54	High
Kling, 2019, [64]	USA	10	137.1 ± 22.3	124.7 ± 19.4	76.3 ± 12.2	76 ± 9.5	High
Leandro, 2019, [65]	Brazil	24	142.96 ± 20.91	124.12 ± 9.95	79.48 ± 19.48	61.68 ± 11.07	High
Braith, 1994, [66]	USA	19	120 ± 9	112 ± 11	75 ± 7	68 ± 6	Medium
Applegate, 1992, [67]	USA	56	145 ± 10	143 ± 12	88 ± 4	87 ± 2	Medium
Barone, 2009, [68]	USA	51	140 ± 8	134.7 ± 10.1	77 ± 7	73.4 ± 4.8	High
Bouchonville, 2014, [69]	USA	26	131.2 ± 11.7	130 ± 15.5	70.9 ± 8.3	68.8 ± 6.1	High
Dusek, 2008, [70]	USA	61	146.3 ± 5.5	145.3 ± 4.7	77.3 ± 7.1	77.6 ± 7.8	High
Gerage, 2013, [71]	Brazil	15	125 ± 8	120 ± 7	81 ± 6	80 ± 6	Medium
Goncalves, 2014, [72]	Brazil	17	126 ± 5.2	122.9 ± 4.4	80.9 ± 3.3	81.9 ± 4.4	High
Jessup, 1998, [73]	USA	11	134.7 ± 11.9	129.4 ± 11.5	76.9 ± 5.1	72.1 ± 7.4	High
Li, 2005, [74]	USA	54	135.02 ± 13.51	125.98 ± 13.1	78.59 ± 11.06	72.83 ± 10.63	Medium
Madden, 2010, [75]	Canada	20	143 ± 3	139 ± 4	85 ± 2	86 ± 2	High
Millar, 2008, [76]	Canada	25	122 ± 2.8	117 ± 2.8	70 ± 1.3	68 ± 1.6	High
Simons, 2006, [77]	USA	64	133 ± 12	128 ± 9	68 ± 6	70 ± 4	Medium
Wang, 2011, [78]	USA	180	131.9 ± 17.6	128.2 ± 17.8	68.7 ± 10.7	67.5 ± 9.4	High
Wood, 2001, [79]	USA	11	153.3 ± 10.8	146.6 ± 15.6	81.3 ± 7.2	70.9 ± 8.2	High
Yassine, 2009, [80]	USA	24	135.6 ± 11.2	121.1 ± 11.2	81.6 ± 11.2	71.6 ± 9.6	High
Mortimer, 2011, [81]	South Africa	15	130.6 ± 6.4	123 ± 9.1	83.88 ± 4.1	78 ± 5.1	High