International Journal of Hypertension

Research Article

Gender-Specific Longitudinal Association of Sleep Duration with Blood Pressure among Children: Evidence from CHNS 2004–2015

Table 4

The association of sleep duration with SBP, DBP, and elevated BP stratified by gender in 2004–2015.


	All participants			Normal weight group
	SBP	DBP	Elevated BP	SBP	DBP	Elevated BP
	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)

Boy	n = 1181			n = 921
Crude model
Continuous	−2.145 (−2.936, −1.355)	−0.893 (−1.442, −0.344)	0.824 (0.695, 0.977)	−2.429 (−3.313, −1.546)	−1.015 (−1.632, −0.398)	0.738 (0.605, 0.900)
<9 h	3.586 (2.030, 5.142)	1.238 (0.092, 2.384)	1.282 (0.916, 1.794)	3.813 (1.360, 5.490)	1.141 (−0.150, 2.433)	1.480 (0.995, 2.199)
≥9 h	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Adjusted model¹
Continuous	−0.728 (−1.608, 0.151)	0.178 (−0.409, 0.764)	0.857 (0.703, 1.044)	−1.070 (−2.058, −0.083)	−0.013 (−0.673, 0.647)	0.766 (0.610, 0.961)
<9 h	0.964 (−0.749, 2.676)	−0.614 (−1.782, 0.554)	1.199 (0.817, 1.759)	1.225 (−0.693, 3.143)	−0.674 (−2.010, 0.662)	1.381 (0.877, 2.175)
≥9 h	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Adjusted model²
Continuous	−0.628 (−1.709, 0.453)	0.541 (−0.190, 1.272)	0.948 (0.741, 1.212)	−0.645 (−1.853, 0.563)	0.504 (−0.306, 1.314)	0.923 (0.703, 1.212)
<9 h	0.500 (−1.526, 2.525)	−1.251 (−2.656, 0.154)	1.002 (0.618, 1.627)	0.536 (−1.747, 2.818)	−1.350 (−2.924, 0.225)	1.050 (0.607, 1.819)
≥9 h	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Girl	n = 1010			n = 796
Crude model
Continuous	−1.943 (−2.752, −1.134)	−1.503 (−2.088, −0.918)	0.804 (0.634, 1.019)	−1.690 (−2.609, −0.772)	−1.339 (−2.014, −0.665)	0.830 (0.619, 1.112)
<9 h	4.014 (2.237, 5.792)	2.968 (1.629, 4.306)	1.564 (1.002, 2.441)	4.026 (2.019, 6.033)	3.195 (1.644, 4.747)	1.749 (1.029, 2.974)
≥9 h	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Adjusted model¹
Continuous	−0.954 (−1.806, −0.102)	−1.106 (−1.730, −0.483)	0.780 (0.603, 1.007)	−0.685 (−1.623, 0.254)	−0.919 (−1.608, −0.231)	0.828 (0.611, 1.121)
<9 h	1.411 (−0.455, 3.277)	1.850 (0.428, 3.272)	1.610 (0.995, 2.607)	1.401 (−0.667, 3.470)	1.914 (0.311, 3.518)	1.691 (0.958, 2.985)
≥9 h	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Adjusted model²
Continuous	−0.650 (−1.711, 0.411)	−1.121 (−1.869, −0.373)	0.810 (0.577, 1.136)	−0.527 (−1.702, 0.649)	−1.094 (−1.902, −0.286)	0.845 (0.569, 1.255)
<9 h	1.144 (−1.073, 3.362)	1.844 (0.273, 3.416)	1.584 (0.890, 2.817)	1.153 (−1.318, 3.623)	1.973 (0.207, 3.738)	1.667 (0.835, 3.327)
≥9 h	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference

OR: odds ratios; CI: confidence interval. Model 1 adjusted for age and parents’ hypertension history. Model 2 additionally adjusted for survey time, waist circumference, BMI z score, urbanization, per capita household income, region, frequency of physical activities per week, and screen time per day.