≤High school graduate, some college graduate, or more
Yes, older age, and those who believe lower BP can reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke had higher % of HBPM Educational level is not associated with HBPM use
<High school graduate high School graduate Some college College graduate or more
neutral, regular HBPM users had an insignificantly higher educational level Subjects who perceived HBPM helped control their BP Measured BP more frequently
Educational attainment Less than secondary school Secondary school graduate Some after secondary Postsecondary graduate
Yes, regular HBPM was more likely among older adults; those who believed to control BP; and those who had been shown how to perform HBPM by a health professional No, HBPM practice was not related to the level of education
Patients’ knowledge for lifestyle change for HT, equipped with an automatic HBPM device, knew the name of drugs, treatment-related side effects, and drug compliance
Yes, 90% reported using the device without any rule. In all, 10% of the patients followed doctor’s or pharmacist’s recommendations
No, those had higher educational level had better hypertension knowledge, but were not better BP controlled
Some high school, high school graduate, some college, college graduate Rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine-short form (REALM-SF) numeracy: 3-item numeracy measure
Yes, adequate numeracy, but not high literacy is associated with more complete reporting of HBPM
Yes, older age, university education, married, and longer duration of HT were more likely to have HBPM device Regular HBPM is associated with the no. of HT drugs
No, BP control is not associated with frequency of HBPM
Yes, HBPM use was associated with higher-income status Nonusers were associated with failure to recognize benefits, HBPM awareness, understanding of device operation, and perception of HBPM inaccuracy
Yes, PCPs were less likely to recommend HBPM to their patients if they were from poor to the lower middle class than those PCPs with most patients from higher economic classes
Yes, subjects with college education used HBPM more frequently than those with middle school education
NA
5/10 Satisfactory
CSS = cross-sectional study, CVD = cardiovascular disease, Ref = reference number, N = number of hypertensive subject, NA = not available, HBPM = home blood pressure monitoring, HT = hypertension, BP = blood pressure, HL = health literacy, NOS = Newcastle-Ottawa score for cross-sectional studies, S = selection, C = comparability, O = outcome, OR = odds ratio.