Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Young and Middle-Aged Adults: Results from a Community-Based Survey in Rural Tanzania

Table 2

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among study participants by selected population characteristics.

Variable	Hypertension among study participants (N = 3000)		Awareness among hypertensive participants (N = 880)		Treatment among aware participants (N = 302)		Control among participants on treatment (N = 107)
	Hypertensive %	value	Aware %	value	Treated %	value	Controlled %	value
Overall	29.3	—	34.3	—	35.4	—	29.9	—
Age (years)
25–34	12.5	<0.001	29.1	0.016	20.5	0.001	25.0	0.705
34–44	29.2		28.6		24.3		38.9
45–54	42.7		37.3		37.0		32.4
55–64	53.2		40.6		49.4		25.0
Gender
Male	31.4	0.149	21.3	<0.001	38.5	0.615	15.0	0.106
Female	28.6		39.3		34.8		33.3
Wealth status
Poorest	28.5	0.701	33.8	0.001	28.4	0.446	52.6	0.143
Poor	28.4		24.1		35.3		33.3
Middle	28.2		28.8		31.9		20.0
Rich	30.2		36.3		36.5		20.0
Richest	31.3		45.2		36.5		29.0
Marital status
Never married	24.0	0.001	29.3	0.374	33.3	0.097	11.1	0.336
Married	28.9		34.1		32.2		29.4
Separated/divorced/widowed	35.7		37.9		46.9		36.7
Education level
No formal education	34.0	0.002	31.7	0.193	40.6	0.457	38.5	0.772
Primary education	29.7		35.0		35.2		29.5
Secondary education	20.0		37.3		26.3		20.0
College/university	35.1		7.7		100.0		0.0
Place of residence
Kilombero district	47.6	0.092	38.4	0.014	31.1	0.089	28.0	0.687
Ulanga district	52.4		30.6		40.4		31.6
Occupation
Farmer	29.5	0.588	34.5	0.492	35.3	0.566	30.0	0.457
House wife	21.5		35.3		16.7		100.0
Employed	29.6		37.5		66.7		0.0
Business	27.5		18.2		25.0		0.0
Others	33.3		46.2		50.0		33.3
Current smoking status
No	28.9	0.052	35.0	0.122	35.3	0.859	29.7	0.850
Yes	35.8		25.4		37.5		33.3
Current alcohol drinking status
No	28.4	0.022	37.6	<0.001	37.0	0.183	27.4	0.107
Yes	33.2		23.0		26.6		50.0
Use of raw table salt
No	17.7	<0.001	17.7	0.001	21.4	0.262	66.7	0.158
Yes	31.4		36.0		36.1		28.8
Fruits consumption/week
5–7 days	26.5	0.598	31.7	0.825	70.0	0.004	28.6	0.534
1–4 days	29.8		34.9		32.6		32.9
Never	29.5		33.1		34.5		20.0
Consumption of vegetables/week
5–7 days	30.5	0.077	33.4	0.116	35.9	0.876	31.4	0.242
1–4 days	25.3		37.4		34.3		25.0
Never	36.6		13.3		50.0		100.0
History of diabetes mellitus
No	29.1	0.008	33.4	<0.001	34.3	0.044	30.3	0.753
Yes	51.7		86.7		61.5		25.0
Body mass index (BMI (kg/m^2))
Underweight	12.9	<0.001	33.3	<0.001	50.0	0.770	50.0	0.937
Normal	25.0		27.2		37.7		30.0
Overweight	31.9		35.9		35.7		28.6
Obese	41.9		45.9		31.9		30.0