Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients Attending Governmental Health Institutions in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with erectile dysfunction among hypertensive patients attending governmental health institutions in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 423).
Variables
Erectile dysfunction
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Yes (%)
No (%)
Crude
Adjusted
Age (years)
18–40
4 (9.09)
40 (90.91)
1.00
1.00
41–60
71 (35.3)
130 (64.7)
2.58 (1.92–6.23)
2.12 (0.98–3.57)
61–80
97 (64.3)
54 (35.7)
5.45 (3.93–9.31)
3.86 (1.62–6.55)
>80
24 (88.9)
3 (11.1)
8.68 (4.47–12.4)
5.29 (3.38–8.07)
Severity of hypertension
Controlled
24 (17.14)
116 (82.86)
1.00
1.00
Stage I
116 (53.46)
101 (46.54)
4.8 (2.92–7.90)
2.78 (1.51–5.09)
Stage II
56 (84.85)
10 (15.15)
6.3 (4.16–8.34)
3.54 (1.63–5.74)
Duration of hypertension and its medications (years)
<5
59 (25.9)
169 (74.1)
1.00
1.00
5–10
83 (64.3)
46 (35.7)
2.1 (1.2–4.15)
1.8 (0.95–2.5)
>10
54 (81.8)
12 (18.2)
7.1 (5.6–10.7)
2.5 (1.12–4.19)
Antihypertensive medications
Polytherapy
147 (65.6)
77 (34.4)
2.11 (1.35–4.78)
2.06 (1.18–3.37)
Monotherapy
49 (24.6)
150 (75.4)
1.00
1.00
Anti-HTN medication class
Diuretics
25
93
2.19 (1.72–4.11)
1.27 (0.85–3.42)
Ca2+ CB
11
33
1.25 (1.24–3.61)
1.06 (0.71–2.18)
Diuretic + CaCB
42
47
2.12 (1.76–4.71)
1.14 (0.83–2.94)
Diuretic + BB
45
10
3.77 (1.25–5.86)
1.97 (1.26–3.75)
CaCB + ACEI
11
20
2.36 (1.06–5.11)
1.34 (0.76–2.77)
Diuretic + CaCB + BB
36
13
3.88 (1.87–6.20)
2.03 (1.38–3.88)
ACE inhibitor
13
24
1.00
1.00
Depression
Yes
113 (76.35)
35 (23.65)
7.47 (4.72–11.80)
2.35 (1.31–4.21)
No
83 (30.18)
192 (69.82)
1.00
1.00
BMI
Normal
110 (35.8)
197 (64.2)
1.00
1.00
Overweight
86 (73.15)
30 (26.85)
4.94 (3.04–8.06)
1.85 (0.98–3.5)
Physical activity
Yes
72 (31.4)
157 (68.6)
0.25 (0.16–0.37)
0.48 (0.28–0.83)
No
124 (63.9)
70 (36.1)
1.00
1.00
Comorbidity
Yes
97 (66.9)
48 (33.1)
3.6 (2.4–5.6)
1.76 (1.04–3.15)
No
99 (35.6)
179 (64.4)
1.00
1.00
Cigarette smoker
Yes
28 (38.9)
44 (61.1)
1.29 (1.41–3.16)
1.15 (0.79–2.25)
No
168 (47.8)
183 (52.2)
1.00
1.00
Occupation
Government employee
31 (28.4)
78 (71.6)
0.49 (0.12–1.97)
0.77 (0.12–5.01)
Merchant
48 (52.7)
43 (47.3)
1.39 (0.35–5.53)
0.91 (0.14–5.73)
Farmer
22 (41.5)
31 (58.5)
0.88 (0.21–3.68)
0.65 (0.09–4.33)
Nongovernment employee
41 (0.51)
39 (0.49)
1.31 (0.33–5.25)
0.89 (0.14–5.65)
Retired
50 (61.7)
31 (38.3)
2.02 (0.50–8.08)
0.39 (0.06–2.58)
Daily labor
4 (44.4)
5 (55.6)
1.00
1.00
Educational level
Can read and write
40 (56.3)
31 (43.7)
1.57 (0.76–3.24)
2.37 (0.84–6.68)
Primary school
48 (51.6)
45 (48.4)
1.29 (0.65–2.57)
2.69 (0.91–7.99)
Secondary school
49 (46.7)
56 (53.3)
1.06 (0.54–2.08)
1.58 (0.54–4.59)
Diploma and above
36 (34.9)
67 (65.1)
0.65 (0.33–1.29)
1.89 (0.61–5.92)
Cannot read and write
23 (45.1)
28 (54.9)
1.00
1.00
CI: confidence interval; BB: beta-blocker; CaCB: calcium channel blocker; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. P value ≤ 0.05.
