Prevalence and Correlates of Hypertension Unawareness among Lebanese Adults: The Need to Target Those “Left Behind”
Table 4
Socioeconomic and health characteristics among hypertensives: comparison of hypertension unaware group with hypertension aware.
Hypertension aware (Groups A and B) n (%)
Hypertension unaware (Group C) n (%)
aOR
95% CI
value
Total
388 (48.2)
369 (51.8)
Age (years)
25–44
49 (23.6)
176 (76.4)
45–64
182 (54.6)
140 (45.4)
0.44
0.26–0.75
<0.01
65 and above
157 (74.8)
53 (25.2)
0.12
0.05–0.28
<0.01
Gender
Female
212 (62.5)
108 (37.5)
1.00
Male
176 (38.9)
261 (61.1)
1.41
0.68–2.92
0.36
Marital status
Ever married
359 (52.1)
292 (47.9)
1.00
Never married
29 (21.4)
77 (78.6)
1.53
0.70–3.33
0.28
Educational level
University or higher education
54 (40.6)
68 (59.4)
1.00
Secondary/technical school
66 (37.9)
101 (62.1)
1.48
0.75–2.92
0.26
Primary/complementary
180 (46.9)
170 (53.1)
1.31
0.70–2.45
0.41
Illiterate/reads and writes
88 (77.2)
30 (22.8)
1.36
0.55–3.37
0.51
Work status
Not working (including housewives)
209 (64.6)
100 (35.4)
1.00
Working
123 (32.2)
239 (67.8)
1.61
0.77–3.37
0.21
Retired
56 (63.6)
30 (36.4)
1.31
0.52–3.29
0.56
Smoking (cigarette and/or waterpipe)
Yes
236 (47.3)
244 (52.7)
1.00
No
152 (50.0)
125 (50.0)
0.79
0.50–1.25
0.32
Physical activity
Low-intensity activity
177 (47.5)
178 (52.5)
1.00
Moderate-intensity activity
132 (49.5)
114 (50.5)
1.25
0.77–2.03
0.37
High-intensity activity
76 (47.4)
75 (52.6)
1.02
0.56–1.85
0.95
Salt intake
>2300 mg/day
132 (35.3)
217 (64.7)
1.00
≤2300 mg/day
232 (61.2)
133 (38.8)
0.78
0.50–1.23
0.29
Alcohol
Heavy drinking
24 (37.8)
33 (62.2)
1.00
Moderate drinking
134 (47.2)
133 (52.8)
1.24
0.48–3.18
0.66
None
230 (49.9)
203 (50.1)
1.81
0.70–4.68
0.22
BMI
Obese (≥30)
187 (53.5)
139 (46.5)
1.00
Overweight (25–29)
130 (47.6)
136 (52.4)
1.14
0.71–1.83
0.58
Normal weight (<25)
48 (33.9)
81 (66.1)
2.49
1.33–4.64
<0.01
Self-reported diabetes mellitus
Yes
89 (70.5)
36 (29.5)
1.00
No
299 (43.8)
333 (56.2)
1.12
0.62–2.05
0.70
Self-reported high lipids
Yes
169 (67.2)
66 (32.8)
1.00
No
219 (39.9)
303 (60.1)
1.43
0.90–2.27
0.13
Self-reported cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Yes
123 (82.4)
25 (17.6)
1.00
No
265 (40.8)
344 (59.2)
3.26
1.72–6.19
<0.01
Family history of hypertension
Yes
284 (56.0)
196 (44.0)
1.00
No
104 (33.8)
173 (66.2)
4.76
2.82–8.03
<0.01
% is estimated based on weighted data. aOR: odds ratio adjusted for all variables in the table and additionally to health insurance coverage, last time measured BP, and visit of health professional in the six months prior to the survey.
