Disturbances of the Gut Microbiota, Sleep Architecture, and mTOR Signaling Pathway in Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Associated Hypertension

Figure 1

Alteration of the gut microbiome in severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with hypertension and those without hypertension. (a) The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio is similar across groups at the phylum level. (b) The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze differences in the relative abundance of the fecal microbiota at the genera level. (c) Predictive functional analysis revealed that the fecal microbiome exhibited significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal–Wallis test. Non-OSA: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≤5 without hypertension, OSA: severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) without hypertension, and OSA-HTN: severe OSA with hypertension. , , and compared with the non-OSA group or the OSA group.

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