Comparative Assessment of the Utility of Anthropometric and Bioelectrical Impedance Indices as Potential Predictors of Hypertension within a Ghanaian Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Anthropometric characteristics of study participants.

General population	Normal	Prehypertensive	Hypertensive	Total	P-value
Number of participants	310 (38.2%)	248 (30.5%)	254 (31.3%)	812
Age (yrs)	40.88 ± 15.26^a	46.77 ± 16.36^b	55.91 ± 15.26^c	47.39 ± 16.79	<0.0001
Weight (kg)	59.71 ± 11.82^a	66.45 ± 16.37^bc	67.97 ± 17.43^bc	64.35 ± 15.60	<0.0001
Waist circumference (WC) in m	0.83 ± 0.12^a	0.90 ± 0.15^bc	0.93 ± 0.15^bc	0.88 ± 0.15	<0.0001
Hip circumference (HC) in m	0. 96 ± 11.52^a	1.00 ± 14.72^bc	1.03 ± 15.11^bc	0. 99 ± 14.02	<0.0001
Skeletal muscle mass (SM) in %	30.16 ± 6.55^ab	29.26 ± 6.70^bc	28.24 ± 6.43^cd	29.29 ± 6.60	0.0020
Visceral fat level (VF)	5.52 ± 2.76^a	7.50 ± 4.19^b	8.88 ± 4.80^c	7.18 ± 4.17	<0.0001
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)	1327.30 ± 163.43^a	1408.38 ± 201.13^bc	1412.23 ± 214.75^bc	1378.51 ± 196.20	<0.0001
Body fat (BF) in %	29.54 ± 11.36^a	32.32 ± 12.53^bc	33.36 ± 12.68^bc	31.59 ± 12.24	<0.0001
Body mass index (BMI) in kg/m^2	23.45 ± 4.77^a	25.76 ± 6.69^bc	27.15 ± 8.41^bc	25.31 ± 6.84	<0.0001
Conicity index (CI)	1.26 ± 0.14^a	1.29 ± 0.15^bc	1.32 ± 0.14^bc	1.29 ± 0.15	<0.0001
Abdominal volume index (AVI)	14.43 ± 3.74^a	16.84 ± 5.30^bc	17.95 ± 5.78^bc	16.27 ± 5.16	<0.0001
Body adiposity index (BAI)	28.89 ± 7.93^a	30.17 ± 9.63^b	34.45 ± 11.21^c	31.87 ± 8.14	<0.0001