Evaluation of Relationship between Serum Liver Enzymes and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Data from Rafsanjan Cohort Study

Table 3

Sex-specific linear regression analysis of liver enzymes with systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures in the study participants (n = 9991).

Variables	SBP					DBP				Mean BP
	Model	Unstandardized regression coefficient	Adjusted R2	Standardized regression coefficient	value	Unstandardized regression coefficient	Adjust R2	Standardized regression coefficient	value	Unstandardized regression coefficient	Adjust R2	Standardized regression coefficient	value
Male
Log-transformed ALT	Crude	2.65	0.08	0.089	<0.001	3.99	0.046	0.21	<0.001	3.54	0.028	0.17	<0.001
	Adjust	1.68	0.22	0.056	<0.001	1.52	0.17	0.081	<0.001	1.58	0.21	0.075	<0.001
Log-transformed AST	Crude	2.46	0.002	0.048	0.001	3.97	0.016	0.13	<0.001	3.46	0.009	0.097	<0.001
	Adjust	1.97	0.22	0.039	0.005	1.67	0.18	0.053	<0.001	1.77	0.21	0.05	<0.001
Log-transformed ALP	Crude	3.90	0.0036	0.062	<0.001	0.62	0.00	0.016	0.287	1.71	0.0013	0.038	0.009
	Adjust	2.78	0.22	0.044	0.001	0.73	0.18	0.019	0.172	1.43	0.21	0.032	0.016
GGT elevated	Crude	1.99	0.00	0.034	0.019	1.66	0.002	0.046	0.002	1.77	0.0017	0.044	0.003
	Adjust	0.56	0.22	0.01	0.469	0.095	0.18	0.003	0.846	0.28	0.21	0.0069	0.610
Female
Log-transformed ALT	Crude	5.92	0.028	0.17	<0.001	3.14	0.023	0.15	<0.001	4.07	0.028	0.17	<0.001
	Adjust	1.73	0.29	0.049	<0.001	1.28	0.17	0.062	<0.001	1.44	0.24	0.06	<0.001
Log-transformed AST	Crude	6.37	0.015	0.12	<0.001	3.19	0.011	0.11	<0.001	4.25	0.014	0.12	<0.001
	Adjust	2.48	0.29	0.048	<0.001	1.75	0.17	0.058	<0.001	2.00	0.24	0.057	<0.001
Log-transformed ALP	Crude	13.73	0.053	0.23	<0.001	6.47	0.035	0.19	<0.001	8.89	0.048	0.22	<0.001
	Adjust	3.06	0.29	0.051	<0.001	2.52	0.17	0.073	<0.001	2.71	0.24	0.067	<0.001
GGT elevated	Crude	4.98	0.09	0.090	<0.001	2.32	0.005	0.072	<0.001	3.21	0.007	0.085	<0.001
	Adjust	0.32	0.028	0.006	0.626	0.46	0.16	0.014	0.264	0.43	0.23	0.011	0.354

Abbreviations: SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; GGt: γ-glutamyl transferase. Mean BP = (SBP + 2 DBP)/3. Adjusted for confounding variables age (continuous variable), education years (continuous variable), wealth status index, the variables related to lifestyle (cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and opium consumption), body mass index (continuous variable), physical activity level (continuous variable), diabetes (yes/no), family history of hypertension in first-degree relatives (yes/no), family history of hypertension in second-degree relatives (yes/no), triglycerides (continuous variable), LDL cholesterol (continuous variable), HDL cholesterol (continuous variable), hepatotoxic drugs (yes/no), and fatty liver (yes/no).