Combination of Oxalobacter Formigenes and Veillonella Parvula in Gastrointestinal Microbiota Related to Bile-Acid Metabolism as a Biomarker for Hypertensive Nephropathy

Figure 5

Relationship between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in HC, H-CKD, and hypertension. (a) Different contents of bile acid metabolism among HC, H-CKD and hypertension groups and (b) concentration of CDCA is significantly higher in both H-CKD and hypertension than in HC. The content of CDCA in hypertension is higher than that in H-CKD (HC vs hypertension, ; hypertension vs H-CKD, ), by the Mann–Whitney U test; (c) heatmap shows that the partial Spearman correlation coefficients between genera and bile acid metabolism (: , : , : ); and (d) concentration of TCA of the H-CKD group is significantly higher than that of the hypertension group and has no difference between hypertension and HC. CA: cholic acid; DCA: deoxycholic acid; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; LCA: lithocholic acid; UDCA: ursodeoxycholic acid; GCA: glycocholic acid; GLCA: glycolithocholic acid; GDCA: glycodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA: glycochenodeoxycholic acid; GUDCA: glycoursodeoxycholic acid; TCA: taurocholic acid; TLCA: taurolithocholic acid; TDCA: taurodeoxycholic acid; TCDCA: taurochenodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA: tauroursodeoxycholic acid.

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