Blood Pressure Trajectories for 16 Years and the Development of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Increased Left Atrial Size: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Table 1
Participants’ characteristics according to mid-BP trajectory groups (trajectory groups defined by total).
1st group (lowest)
2nd group
3rd group
4th group (highest)
value
Participants (%)
536 (20.9%)
928 (36.2%)
828 (32.3%)
273 (10.6%)
<0.001
Female sex (%)
399 (74.4%)
460 (49.6%)
348 (42.0%)
91 (33.3%)
<0.001
Age (years)
45.8 ± 5.4
47.7 ± 6.7
48.9 ± 6.9
49.1 ± 7.1
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
23.4 ± 2.6
24.6 ± 2.8
25.5 ± 2.9
25.3 ± 2.7
<0.001
Obesity baseline (%)
125 (23.3%)
408 (44.0%)
441(53.3%)
147(53.9%)
<0.001
Duration of obesity (years)
1.8 ± 2.8
3.1 ± 3.2
3.8 ± 3.3
3.7 ± 3.3
<0.001
SBP (baseline, mmHg)
100.0 ± 8.3
111.3 ± 10.5
123.1 ± 13.1
136.1 ± 15.3
<0.001
DBP (baseline, mmHg)
66.6 ± 6.4
74.9 ± 7.4
83.3 ± 9.0
91.6 ± 9.0
<0.001
Mid-BP (baseline, mmHg)
83.3 ± 6.7
93.1 ± 8.2
103.2 ± 10.3
113.9 ± 11.2
<0.001
Hypertension (%)
1 (0.2%)
30 (3.2%)
86 (10.4%)
43 (15.8%)
<0.001
DM baseline (%)
17 (3.2%)
45 (4.9%)
46 (5.6%)
16 (5.9%)
0.188
Duration of DM (years)
0.4 ± 1.4
0.7 ± 1.9
0.9 ± 2.1
0.8 ± 1.9
<0.001
Hypercholesterolemia (baseline, %)
29 (5.4%)
108 (11.6%)
101 (12.2%)
40 (14.7%)
<0.001
Duration of hypercholesterolemia (years)
0.8 ± 1.5
0.9 ± 1.4
0.8 ± 1.4
0.9 ± 1.6
0.661
Cigarette smoking
<0.001
Never smoker (%)
425 (79.3%)
532 (57.3%)
443 (53.5%)
131 (48.0%)
Past smoker (%)
40 (7.5%)
189 (20.4%)
171 (20.7%)
83 (30.4%)
Current smoker (%)
71 (13.3%)
207 (22.3%)
214 (25.9%)
59 (21.6%)
Alcohol drinking
<0.001
Never drinker (%)
310 (57.8%)
401 (43.2%)
289 (34.9%)
91 (33.3%)
Past drinker (%)
22 (4.1%)
48 (5.2%)
45 (5.4%)
17 (6.2%)
Current drinker (%)
204 (38.1%)
479 (51.6%)
494 (59.7%)
165 (60.4%)
Exercise
Yes (%)
220 (41.0%)
352 (37.9%)
306 (37.0%)
94 (34.4%)
0.266
No (%)
316 (59.0%)
576 (62.1%)
522 (63.0%)
179 (65.6%)
Baseline chemical profiles
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
83.0 ± 19.6
87.3 ± 18.5
89.9 ± 25.7
90.5 ± 23.9
<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
185.6 ± 32.1
196.1 ± 35.3
198.2 ± 34.3
203.8 ± 35.4
<0.001
BUN (mg/dL)
13.7 ± 3.3
14.0 ± 3.3
14.5 ± 3.6
14.6 ± 3.6
<0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.8 ± 0.2
0.9 ± 0.2
0.9 ± 0.2
0.9 ± 0.2
<0.001
CRP (mg/L)
0.2 ± 0.3
0.2 ± 0.3
0.2 ± 0.4
0.2 ± 0.3
0.005
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
12.9 ± 1.5
13.7 ± 1.6
14.0 ± 1.6
14.3 ± 1.4
<0.001
Data were expressed as mean ± SD or number of people (%). BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CRP : C-reactive protein; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; SBP: systolic blood pressure.
