Efficacy and Safety of Eplerenone for Treating Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

The characteristics of the involved observational articles.

No	Author	Year	Country	Study design	No. of patients included (Male/Female)	Interventions	Study duration	Endpoints
1	Epstein et al	2006	USA	Parallel RCT	T: 177 (116/61)	T: EPL + ACEI	12 weeks	BP, UACR, eGFR incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 91 (50/41)	C: Placebo + ACEI
2	Joffe et al	2007	USA	Cross‐over RCT	T: 8	T: EPL + ACEI	6 weeks	BP, 24 h-proteinuria, creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, potassium, the incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 8	C: HCTZ + ACEI
3	Kovarik et al	2021	Austria	Parallel RCT	T: 7 (7/0)	T: EPL + ACEI	10 weeks	BP, UACR, eGFR
					C: 8 (5/3)	C: Placebo + ACEI
4	Boesby et al	2013	Denmark	Parallel RCT	T: 22	T: EPL + ACEI/ARB	24 weeks	BP, 24 h-proteinuria, estimated creatinine clearance, eGFR, creatinine, potassium incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 24	C: Placebo + ACEI/ARB
5	Jacobsen et al	2020	Denmark	Parallel RCT	T: 70 (53/17)	T: EPL	26 weeks	BP, UACR, eGFR, potassium incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 70 (53/17)	C: Placebo
6	Mokadem et al	2020	Egypt	Parallel RCT	T: 25 (15/10)	T: EPL	24 weeks	BP, UACR, eGFR, creatinine, potassium incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 25 (13/12)	C: ACEI
7	Karashima et al	2016	Japan	Parallel RCT	T: 25 (17/8)	T: EPL + ARB	48 weeks	BP, UACR, eGFR, potassium
					C: 25 (17/8)	C: HCTZ + ARB
8	Epstein et al	2002	USA	Parallel RCT	T: 74	T: EPL	24 weeks	BP, UACR, incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 74	C: ACEI
9	Sawai et al	2017	Japan	Parallel RCT	T: 98 (49/49)	T: EPL	8 weeks	BP, UACR, creatinine, eGFR, potassium incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 97 (49/48)	C:Thiazide diuretic
10	Ando et al	2014	Japan	Parallel RCT	T: 162 (114/48)	T: EPL + ACEI/ARB	52 weeks	BP, UACR, eGFR, potassium incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 152 (100/52)	C: Placebo + ACEI/ARB
11	Boesby et al	2011	Denmark	Cross‐over RCT	T: 40	T: EPL + ACEI/ARB	24 weeks	BP, 24 h-proteinuria, estimated creatinine clearance, eGFR, potassium incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 40	C: Placebo + ACEI/ARB
12	Eschalier et al	2013	France	Parallel RCT	T: 1055 (746/309)	T: EPL	42 months	eGFR, incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 1072 (771/301)	C: Placebo
13	Tylick et al	2012	Poland	Cross‐over RCT	T: 18	T: EPL + ARB	8 weeks	BP, UACR, eGFR, 24 h-proteinuria potassium
					C: 18	C1: Aliskiren + ARB
						C2: ARB (double dose)
14	Lizakowski et al	2013	Poland	Cross‐over RCT	T: 18	T: EPL + ARB	8 weeks	BP, eGFR, potassium
					C: 18	C1: Aliskiren + ARB
						C2: ARB (double dose)
15	Kalizki et al	2016	Germany	Parallel RCT	T: 25 (19/6)	T: EPL + ACEI/ARB	26 weeks	BP, UACR
					C: 26 (22/4)	C: Placebo + ACEI/ARB
16	White et al	2003	China	Parallel RCT	T: 134 (61/73)	T: EPL	24 weeks	BP, UACR, incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 135 (66/69)	C: Amlodipine
17	Williams et al	2004	USA	Parallel RCT	T: 253 (150/103)	T: EPL	6 months	BP, incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 246 (126/120)	C: ACEI
18	Pitt et al	2003	USA	Parallel RCT	T: 50 (31/19)	T: EPL	9 months	BP, the incidence of hyperkalemia
					C: 54 (30/24)	C: ACEI
19	Eguchi et al	2016	Japan	Parallel RCT	T: 35 (25/10)	T: EPL	12 weeks	BP, UACR, creatinine
					C: 22 (11/11)	C: Placebo