Research Article
Covariates of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Burdens among the Caregivers of Hypertensive Patients
Table 4
Correlations between factors and burdens.
| | Variables | Effect on mood/activities | Tiredness | Physical restlessness/tremor/stiffness | Financial burden | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| | Sharing same home | = 0.026 | = 0.049 | = 0.005 | = 0.196 | | Yes | 51.9 | 21.4 | 12.2 | 10.1 | 4.5 | 58.9 | 17.6 | 12.3 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 60.9 | 18.6 | 11.8 | 5.4 | 3.3 | 55.7 | 17.5 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 7.2 | | No | 44.7 | 15.8 | 13.2 | 23.7 | 2.6 | 47.4 | 13.2 | 10.5 | 18.4 | 10.5 | 36.8 | 21.1 | 15.8 | 18.4 | 7.9 | 42.1 | 18.4 | 10.5 | 23.7 | 5.3 | | Sometimes | 47.8 | 32.2 | 9.6 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 61.7 | 20.9 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 4.3 | 56.5 | 24.3 | 8.7 | 4.3 | 6.1 | 51.3 | 22.6 | 9.6 | 8.7 | 7.8 |
| | Relation with the patient | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | | Spouse | 44.6 | 24.5 | 14.2 | 11.8 | 4.9 | 48.5 | 20.6 | 21.6 | 6.9 | 2.5 | 58.3 | 22.5 | 13.7 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 51.5 | 13.7 | 9.8 | 11.8 | 13.2 | | Daughter/Son | 59.4 | 21.1 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 3.6 | 69.1 | 15.7 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 3.0 | 65.8 | 17.8 | 9.1 | 4.6 | 2.7 | 59.6 | 19.5 | 8.5 | 7.8 | 4.6 | | Daughter-in-law/Son-in-law | 21.7 | 21.7 | 26.1 | 17.4 | 13.0 | 26.1 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 17.4 | 34.8 | 15.2 | 17.4 | 17.4 | 15.2 | 23.9 | 21.7 | 19.6 | 17.4 | 17.4 | | Sister/brother | 45.2 | 32.3 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 3.2 | 58.1 | 25.8 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 3.2 | 48.4 | 29.0 | 6.5 | 16.1 | 0.0 | 48.4 | 25.8 | 9.7 | 12.9 | 3.2 | | Others | 40.4 | 22.7 | 17.0 | 14.9 | 5.0 | 46.1 | 19.9 | 16.3 | 12.8 | 5.0 | 47.5 | 19.9 | 17.0 | 9.9 | 5.7 | 51.8 | 16.3 | 14.9 | 11.3 | 5.7 |
| | Gender | = 0.424 | = 0.003 | = 0.195 | = 0.020 | | Male | 52.7 | 23.3 | 11.5 | 9.3 | 3.2 | 65.4 | 16.9 | 8.6 | 6.1 | 2.9 | 61.0 | 18.9 | 11.3 | 6.6 | 2.2 | 56.6 | 21.1 | 8.6 | 7.1 | 6.6 | | Female | 49.9 | 21.8 | 12.2 | 10.5 | 5.5 | 53.8 | 18.5 | 13.7 | 9.4 | 4.6 | 58.2 | 19.8 | 11.8 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 53.0 | 15.9 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 7.6 |
| | Age of the caregiver (in years) | = 0.006 | < 0.001 | | = 0.001 | < 0.001 | | 18–25 | 55.9 | 24.0 | 9.8 | 7.7 | 2.5 | 64.7 | 18.2 | 9.2 | 6.5 | 1.5 | 61.8 | 20.9 | 10.9 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 59.3 | 18.8 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 2.7 | | 26–30 | 46.0 | 18.2 | 13.1 | 15.3 | 7.3 | 59.1 | 12.4 | 7.3 | 16.1 | 5.1 | 56.2 | 16.8 | 9.5 | 10.9 | 6.6 | 54.7 | 18.2 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 10.9 | | 31–35 | 49.4 | 20.5 | 9.6 | 10.8 | 9.6 | 60.2 | 13.3 | 10.8 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 65.1 | 14.5 | 7.2 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 47.0 | 22.9 | 13.3 | 10.8 | 6.0 | | 36–40 | 50.9 | 14.5 | 16.4 | 10.9 | 7.3 | 49.1 | 20.0 | 12.7 | 3.6 | 14.5 | 49.1 | 18.2 | 14.5 | 7.3 | 10.9 | 38.2 | 14.5 | 12.7 | 16.4 | 18.2 | | >40 | 43.6 | 24.6 | 15.9 | 11.3 | 4.6 | 46.2 | 22.1 | 20.0 | 7.7 | 4.1 | 56.4 | 20.0 | 15.9 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 50.8 | 15.4 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 12.8 |
| | Education | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | | Illiterate | 17.6 | 29.4 | 23.5 | 17.6 | 11.8 | 17.6 | 29.4 | 29.4 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 35.3 | 29.4 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 23.5 | 23.5 | 23.5 | 11.8 | 17.6 | | Primary | 34.8 | 21.2 | 16.7 | 15.2 | 12.1 | 40.9 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 12.1 | 15.2 | 47.0 | 18.2 | 13.6 | 6.1 | 15.2 | 31.8 | 18.2 | 13.6 | 16.7 | 19.7 | | Secondary | 31.0 | 17.7 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 12.4 | 37.2 | 15.0 | 23.0 | 19.5 | 5.3 | 36.3 | 19.5 | 21.2 | 14.2 | 8.8 | 29.2 | 20.4 | 19.5 | 11.5 | 19.5 | | Higher secondary | 53.2 | 23.9 | 11.1 | 10.0 | 1.8 | 57.5 | 23.2 | 10.0 | 6.8 | 2.5 | 62.1 | 22.1 | 9.6 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 58.2 | 20.7 | 7.1 | 8.9 | 5.0 | | Tertiary | 58.1 | 22.6 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 3.0 | 68.7 | 15.2 | 8.2 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 66.0 | 17.5 | 10.1 | 4.4 | 1.9 | 62.8 | 15.9 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 3.4 |
| | Occupation | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | | Student | 53.0 | 24.8 | 11.4 | 7.9 | 2.9 | 62.2 | 18.1 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 2.2 | 61.3 | 20.6 | 12.4 | 4.4 | 1.3 | 56.8 | 20.3 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 2.5 | | Homemaker | 27.9 | 23.9 | 17.3 | 19.3 | 11.7 | 32.5 | 20.3 | 19.8 | 17.3 | 10.2 | 42.6 | 21.8 | 16.2 | 8.1 | 11.2 | 36.0 | 17.3 | 13.7 | 15.2 | 17.8 | | Service holder | 64.2 | 20.0 | 9.2 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 69.2 | 16.7 | 9.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 66.7 | 16.7 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 61.7 | 17.5 | 10.0 | 6.7 | 4.2 | | Business | 51.6 | 21.5 | 15.1 | 10.8 | 1.1 | 59.1 | 18.3 | 15.1 | 6.5 | 1.1 | 61.3 | 17.2 | 11.8 | 8.6 | 1.1 | 45.2 | 21.5 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 12.9 | | Health professionals | 67.0 | 18.8 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 2.1 | 77.0 | 14.1 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 70.7 | 17.3 | 6.3 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 72.3 | 14.7 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 2.1 | | Others | 30.3 | 24.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 9.1 | 39.4 | 24.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 6.1 | 45.5 | 21.2 | 12.1 | 18.2 | 3.0 | 42.4 | 15.2 | 12.1 | 18.2 | 12.1 |
| | Residence | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | | Rural | 30.4 | 17.4 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 9.3 | 37.9 | 15.5 | 21.7 | 17.4 | 7.5 | 38.5 | 17.4 | 18.6 | 17.4 | 8.1 | 30.4 | 15.5 | 18.0 | 18.6 | 17.4 | | Semiurban | 45.6 | 28.2 | 12.1 | 7.8 | 6.3 | 51.9 | 23.3 | 12.6 | 7.3 | 4.9 | 52.4 | 27.2 | 11.2 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 51.0 | 20.4 | 10.2 | 8.7 | 9.7 | | Urban | 58.8 | 21.8 | 9.1 | 7.7 | 2.6 | 67.0 | 16.5 | 8.2 | 5.7 | 2.6 | 67.7 | 17.2 | 9.8 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 62.5 | 18.0 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 3.4 |
| | Number of hypertensive people in the family | P = 0.187 | P = 0.480 | P = 0.324 | P = 0.759 | | 1 | 51.6 | 22.3 | 10.8 | 12.0 | 3.2 | 61.0 | 15.5 | 12.0 | 8.0 | 3.4 | 62.2 | 17.3 | 10.4 | 6.8 | 3.2 | 56.4 | 16.9 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 7.6 | | 2-3 | 49.8 | 23.3 | 13.5 | 7.5 | 6.0 | 56.8 | 20.8 | 10.5 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 55.8 | 22.0 | 12.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 51.8 | 19.5 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 7.0 | | >3 | 56.9 | 17.6 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 5.9 | 52.9 | 17.6 | 13.7 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 60.8 | 19.6 | 13.7 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 58.8 | 19.6 | 11.8 | 5.9 | 3.9 |
| | Personal history of hypertension | = 0.003 | = 0.001 | < 0.001 | = 0.062 | | Present | 47.7 | 22.2 | 14.8 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 51.1 | 20.5 | 15.3 | 7.4 | 5.7 | 49.4 | 24.4 | 15.3 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 49.4 | 20.5 | 13.1 | 8.5 | 8.5 | | Absent | 53.2 | 22.6 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 3.6 | 62.6 | 16.5 | 9.8 | 8.1 | 3.1 | 63.8 | 17.6 | 10.3 | 5.0 | 3.2 | 57.4 | 16.9 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 6.6 | | Do not know | 35.1 | 21.1 | 26.3 | 10.5 | 7.0 | 35.1 | 26.3 | 21.1 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 35.1 | 26.3 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 7.0 | 35.1 | 26.3 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 10.5 |
| | Caregiving duration/day | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | | <1 hour | 63.7 | 22.5 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 72.1 | 17.6 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 69.3 | 18.9 | 7.4 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 64.6 | 17.6 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 2.9 | | 1–3 hours | 38.8 | 23.9 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 3.6 | 48.2 | 17.8 | 18.8 | 12.3 | 2.9 | 50.2 | 21.0 | 17.5 | 8.4 | 2.9 | 44.0 | 20.1 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 10.0 | | 4-5 hours | 15.4 | 23.1 | 21.5 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 21.5 | 18.5 | 23.1 | 16.9 | 20.0 | 32.3 | 21.5 | 15.4 | 12.3 | 18.5 | 21.5 | 21.5 | 20.0 | 13.8 | 23.1 | | 5–10 hours | 34.8 | 13.0 | 21.7 | 4.3 | 26.1 | 26.1 | 26.1 | 13.0 | 4.3 | 30.4 | 43.5 | 17.4 | 13.0 | 4.3 | 21.7 | 47.8 | 13.0 | 4.3 | 17.4 | 17.4 | | 10–15 hours | 30.8 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 7.7 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 30.8 | 0.0 | 23.1 | 30.8 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 46.2 | 7.7 | 30.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 | | >15 hours | 63.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 3.7 | 11.1 | 63.0 | 11.1 | 3.7 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 70.4 | 3.7 | 11.1 | 3.7 | 11.1 | 74.1 | 7.4 | 3.7 | 7.4 | 7.4 |
| | Duration of caregiving (years) | = 0.355 | = 0.001 | = 0.289 | = 0.742 | | <1 | 58.5 | 18.3 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 6.1 | 59.8 | 19.5 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 11.0 | 67.1 | 17.1 | 7.3 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 62.2 | 18.3 | 8.5 | 6.1 | 4.9 | | 1–5 | 52.6 | 23.2 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 3.6 | 62.3 | 17.1 | 9.7 | 7.8 | 3.0 | 61.3 | 18.5 | 10.5 | 6.3 | 3.4 | 55.8 | 18.5 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 6.9 | | 5–10 | 49.5 | 21.2 | 13.0 | 9.6 | 6.7 | 58.7 | 16.8 | 13.0 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 56.3 | 21.6 | 11.5 | 6.7 | 3.8 | 51.9 | 17.3 | 13.0 | 10.1 | 7.7 | | >10 | 43.3 | 23.9 | 14.2 | 14.9 | 3.7 | 44.8 | 20.9 | 20.1 | 10.4 | 3.7 | 52.2 | 20.9 | 18.7 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 49.3 | 17.9 | 10.4 | 13.4 | 9.0 |
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Bold values represent the significant P values.
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