The Interstitial Lymphatic Peritoneal Mesothelium Axis in Portal Hypertensive Ascites: When in Danger, Go Back to the Sea

Table 3

The continuum inflammatory splanchnic pathway of Portal Hypertension.

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(i) Interstitium

 (a) Oxidative and nitrosative damage

 (b) Abnormal ion transport

 (c) Degradation of extracellular matrix

 (d) Edematous infiltration

 (e) Immune cells activation

(ii) Mesenteric lymphatics

 (a) Increased fluid flow

 (b) Increased transport of immune cells

 (c) Toxins and bacteria translocation

 (d) Lymphangiogenesis

(iii) Peritoneal mesothelium

 (a) Oxidative and nitrosative stress

 (b) Abnormal ion transport

 (c) Immune activation

 (d) Enzymatic stress

 (e) Lymph leakage

 (f) Ascites

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