Myocarditis in TLR3−/− mice infected with CVB3. (a) Histopathologic results of hearts collected from TLR3−/− and wild-type mice 12 days after CVB3 infection was evaluated with Masson’s trichrome staining. Data represent eight mice per group. (b) Immunofluorescence of hearts from TLR3−/− or wild-type mice 9 days after CVB3 infection followed by anti-CVB3 antibody staining. Data represent three mice per group. (c),(d) Real-time RT-PCR analysis of the expression of positive-strand CVB3 RNA (c) or the indicated cytokine genes (d) in hearts of TLR3−/− and wild-type mice on the indicated days after CVB3 infection. Data are presented as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. All experiments were performed more than twice with similar results. ; . (Negishi et al., [108], used with permission).
