Review Article

Tissue Factor, Blood Coagulation, and Beyond: An Overview

Table 1

Targeting TF-initiated coagulation and signaling consequence for easing clinical events.

Strategy and agent Antagonism against

TF suppression
 HMGCR inhibitorsInflammation; thrombosis; miscarriage; APS; cancer growth
 COX inhibitorsInflammation, APS; thrombosis; miscarriage; cancers
 Vitamin D3APS; thrombosis; cancer
 AmiodaroneAT; arrhythmia
 Ethyl pyruvateInflammation; coagulation
 NOPlatelet activation; thrombosis
 IndobufenAT
 HydroxyureaThrombosis
 RNAiMetastasis
 DMSOACS
 AdiponectinAtherogenesis; diabetes; ACS
 Hairpin ribozymThrombosis; I/R injury
 TF sh RNABreast cancer growth/angiogenesis
 MetforminDiabetes II
 Liver X receptor agonistsAT
 PaclitoxelCancers
 Antisense TF ODNI/R injury
 ACE inhibitorsMI
 NicotinamideSepsis; DIC; coagulation; inflammation
 PPARα activationObesity; diabetes
 GuggulsteroneInflammation; AT
 ATRALeukemia; CHD
 Phenolics/resveratrolCHD

FVIIa inhibition
 BcX-3607Thrombosis; inflammation
 FVIIaiColorectal metastasis; inflammation; thrombosis/MI
 rNAPc2Coagulation; inflammation; angiogenesis; tumor growth
 Hemextin ABCoagulation
 BMS593214AT; VT
 PN7051Thrombosis
 PHA-798Thrombosis
 FFR-rFVIIaInflammation; thrombosis; metastasis

FXa inhibition
 FondaparinuxDVT; VTE; PE
 EnoxaparinInflammation; AT; VT
 WX-FX4Metastasis/tumor growth/angiogenesis
 DX-9065aInflammation; platelet aggregation; DIC; tumor proliferation
 TAK-442Coagulation; VT
 ZK-807834Inflammation; AT; VT
 Oral rivaroxabanAF; VTE
 Oral GW 813893Thrombosis
 Oral BMB344577Cancer proliferation
 Oral apixabanPlatelet aggregation
 LMWH AVE5026AT; VT; coagulation
 Oral DU176bThromboembolism; coagulation
 Oral sulfanilamideCoagulation
 Oral DPC423Thrombosis
 Oral YM-75466Thrombosis
 MCM09Cancer metastasis
 Oral BAY597939Thromboembolism
 IxolarisTumor growth; angiogenesis
 NAP5Coagulation
 TinzaparinMetastasis
 SamOrg123781AAT
 rTAP (rAST)Thrombosis; restenosis
 RivaroxabanStroke; AF

FIIa inhibition
 FM-19Platelet activation; ACS; tumor growth
 Dabigatran etexilateBreast cancer progression
 ArgatrobanDVT; VTE; tumor migration/metastasis
 HeparinInflammation; DVT; VTE; pregnancy loss; metastasis
 FoypanMetastasis
 XimelagatranDVT; VTE; AT
 HirudinsInflammation; DVT; VTE; AT
 Org 42675AT

PAR blockade
 SCH 7979Inflammation; platelet aggregation; I/R injury; cancer cell motility/metastasis/angiogenesis
 RWJ 56110Platelet aggregation; thrombosis
 RWJ 58259Platelet aggregation; vascular occlusion; neointimal thickness; restenosis; thrombosis
 PAR-1 antibodyPlatelet aggregation
 PAR-2 mAbJoint inflammation
 ENMD-1068Joint inflammation
 P4palDIC; thrombocytopenia; I/R injury
 YD-3Platelet aggregation
 SFLLRPlatelet aggregation
 FR 171113Platelet aggregation; AT
 TH146Platelet aggregation; thrombosis
 FSLLRY-NH2 Inflammation

Miscellaneous
 TFPIInflammation; pulmonary fibrosis; VT; pneumonia; RA; cancer; apoptosis
 APCInflammation; AT; VT; sepsis; metastasis; apoptosis
 AT-IIIInflammation; thrombosis; metastasis; angiogenesis
 DilazepPlatelet aggregation; APS
 CNTO 859Tumor initiation/growth/angiogenesis
 Anti-TF mAbSeptic shock; DVT; AT/VT; miscarriage
 Oral warfarinInflammation; thrombosis; metastasis; tumor growth
 n-3 FAInflammation

APS: antiphospholipid syndrome; ACS: acute coronary syndromes; AF: atrial fibrillation; ATRA: all-trans retinoic acid; AT: arterial thrombosis; CHD: coronary heart disease; COX: cyclooxygynase; DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation; DVT: deep vein thrombosis; HMGCR: HMGCoA reductase; MI: myocardial infarction; VT: venous thrombosis; VTE: venous thromboembolism; PE: pulmonary embolism; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; I/R injury, ischemia/reperfusion injury.